The way through which the event “mitotic cohesion fails to form early in mitosis” would affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis. Introduction: Cohesion is a protein complex during cell cycle that is responsible for the separation of sister-chromatids at the time of cell-division. This can also cause binding of sister chromatids together after replication before anaphase because; during anaphase it would leads to separate sister-chromatids.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 2.3, Problem 30AQP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “mitotic cohesion fails to form early in mitosis” would affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Cohesion is a protein complex during cell cycle that is responsible for the separation of sister-chromatids at the time of cell-division. This can also cause binding of sister chromatids together after replication before anaphase because; during anaphase it would leads to separate sister-chromatids.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Shugoshin is absent during meiosis” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Shugoshin is a primary protein molecule that “protects the cohesion molecule from degradation” due to the separase enzyme. It is located at the centromere of chromosomes.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Shugoshin does not break down after anaphase I of meiosis” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Shugoshin is a primary protein molecule that “protects the cohesion molecule from degradation” due to the separase enzyme. It is located at the centromere of chromosomes.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Separase is defective” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Separase is an enzyme that breaks down the cohesion molecules. When separase is defective it can affect both the mitosis and meiosis stages.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 2.3, Problem 30AQP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “mitotic cohesion fails to form early in mitosis” would affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Cohesion is a protein complex during cell cycle that is responsible for the separation of sister-chromatids at the time of cell-division. This can also cause binding of sister chromatids together after replication before anaphase because; during anaphase it would leads to separate sister-chromatids.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Shugoshin is absent during meiosis” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Shugoshin is a primary protein molecule that “protects the cohesion molecule from degradation” due to the separase enzyme. It is located at the centromere of chromosomes.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Shugoshin does not break down after anaphase I of meiosis” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Shugoshin is a primary protein molecule that “protects the cohesion molecule from degradation” due to the separase enzyme. It is located at the centromere of chromosomes.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Separase is defective” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Separase is an enzyme that breaks down the cohesion molecules. When separase is defective it can affect both the mitosis and meiosis stages.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 2.3, Problem 30AQP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “mitotic cohesion fails to form early in mitosis” would affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Cohesion is a protein complex during cell cycle that is responsible for the separation of sister-chromatids at the time of cell-division. This can also cause binding of sister chromatids together after replication before anaphase because; during anaphase it would leads to separate sister-chromatids.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Shugoshin is absent during meiosis” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Shugoshin is a primary protein molecule that “protects the cohesion molecule from degradation” due to the separase enzyme. It is located at the centromere of chromosomes.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Shugoshin does not break down after anaphase I of meiosis” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Shugoshin is a primary protein molecule that “protects the cohesion molecule from degradation” due to the separase enzyme. It is located at the centromere of chromosomes.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Separase is defective” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Separase is an enzyme that breaks down the cohesion molecules. When separase is defective it can affect both the mitosis and meiosis stages.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 2.3, Problem 30AQP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “mitotic cohesion fails to form early in mitosis” would affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Cohesion is a protein complex during cell cycle that is responsible for the separation of sister-chromatids at the time of cell-division. This can also cause binding of sister chromatids together after replication before anaphase because; during anaphase it would leads to separate sister-chromatids.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Shugoshin is absent during meiosis” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Shugoshin is a primary protein molecule that “protects the cohesion molecule from degradation” due to the separase enzyme. It is located at the centromere of chromosomes.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Shugoshin does not break down after anaphase I of meiosis” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Shugoshin is a primary protein molecule that “protects the cohesion molecule from degradation” due to the separase enzyme. It is located at the centromere of chromosomes.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Separase is defective” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Separase is an enzyme that breaks down the cohesion molecules. When separase is defective it can affect both the mitosis and meiosis stages.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 2.3, Problem 30AQP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “mitotic cohesion fails to form early in mitosis” would affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Cohesion is a protein complex during cell cycle that is responsible for the separation of sister-chromatids at the time of cell-division. This can also cause binding of sister chromatids together after replication before anaphase because; during anaphase it would leads to separate sister-chromatids.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Shugoshin is absent during meiosis” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Shugoshin is a primary protein molecule that “protects the cohesion molecule from degradation” due to the separase enzyme. It is located at the centromere of chromosomes.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Shugoshin does not break down after anaphase I of meiosis” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Shugoshin is a primary protein molecule that “protects the cohesion molecule from degradation” due to the separase enzyme. It is located at the centromere of chromosomes.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Separase is defective” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Separase is an enzyme that breaks down the cohesion molecules. When separase is defective it can affect both the mitosis and meiosis stages.

Answer 6

Chapter 2.3, Problem 30AQP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “mitotic cohesion fails to form early in mitosis” would affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Cohesion is a protein complex during cell cycle that is responsible for the separation of sister-chromatids at the time of cell-division. This can also cause binding of sister chromatids together after replication before anaphase because; during anaphase it would leads to separate sister-chromatids.

Answer 7

Chapter 2.3, Problem 30AQP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “mitotic cohesion fails to form early in mitosis” would affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Cohesion is a protein complex during cell cycle that is responsible for the separation of sister-chromatids at the time of cell-division. This can also cause binding of sister chromatids together after replication before anaphase because; during anaphase it would leads to separate sister-chromatids.

Answer 8

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Shugoshin is absent during meiosis” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Shugoshin is a primary protein molecule that “protects the cohesion molecule from degradation” due to the separase enzyme. It is located at the centromere of chromosomes.

Answer 9

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Shugoshin is absent during meiosis” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Shugoshin is a primary protein molecule that “protects the cohesion molecule from degradation” due to the separase enzyme. It is located at the centromere of chromosomes.

Answer 10

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Shugoshin does not break down after anaphase I of meiosis” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Shugoshin is a primary protein molecule that “protects the cohesion molecule from degradation” due to the separase enzyme. It is located at the centromere of chromosomes.

Answer 11

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Shugoshin does not break down after anaphase I of meiosis” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Shugoshin is a primary protein molecule that “protects the cohesion molecule from degradation” due to the separase enzyme. It is located at the centromere of chromosomes.

Answer 12

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Separase is defective” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Separase is an enzyme that breaks down the cohesion molecules. When separase is defective it can affect both the mitosis and meiosis stages.

Answer 13

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way through which the event “Separase is defective” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Separase is an enzyme that breaks down the cohesion molecules. When separase is defective it can affect both the mitosis and meiosis stages.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 1COQ Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 21AQP Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2COQ Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 10COQ Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 11COQ Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 12COQ Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 22AQP Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 23AQP Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 2CC

To determine: The way through which the event “Separase is defective” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis. Introduction: Separase is an enzyme that breaks down the cohesion molecules. When separase is defective it can affect both the mitosis and meiosis stages.

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Chapter 2 Solutions

To determine:

The way through which the event “Separase is defective” can affect the outcome of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction:

Separase is an enzyme that breaks down the cohesion molecules. When separase is defective it can affect both the mitosis and meiosis stages.