Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305112100
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 23, Problem 2RQ
As shown in Figure 23.25, there is considerable variation in the facial features of humans. Explain this fact in terms of the concept of the gene pool.
Figure 23.25 Humans show a great deal of variation in their outward appearance. (Top: Rodriguez/ Fancy/Jupiterimages; Bottom left: © Owen Franken/Corbis; Bottom right: Christopher Briscoe/Photo Researchers, Inc)
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The human genome has been fully mapped by the Human Genome Project. Information on the human genome is now freely available on DNA databases.
Which statement best describes an ethical issue concerning the Human Genome Project?
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The money invested in this project can be utilized for other research.
The money invested in this project can be utilized for other research.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 23 - Prob. 1RQCh. 23 - As shown in Figure 23.25, there is considerable...Ch. 23 - Prob. 3RQCh. 23 - Prob. 4RQCh. 23 - Prob. 5RQCh. 23 - Prob. 6RQCh. 23 - Prob. 1SQCh. 23 - The relative numbers of different genes (alleles)...Ch. 23 - A difference in survival and reproduction among...Ch. 23 - The fossil record of evolution correlates with...
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- Choose one human multifactorial condition and describe it in detail. Include a description of the condition, possible genetic and environmental components that cause the condition as well as an explanation of why it is difficult to study multifactorial conditions. Include references. PDF https://www.genetics.edu.au/PDF/Environmental_and_genetic_interactions_fact_sheet-CGE.pdfarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the grandmother hypothesis is correct? This is a hypothesis used to explain why grandmothers tend to live longer than grandfathers. For this hypothesis to work, a grandmother will need to have an antagonistic pleiotropic mutation that extends her lifespan but also lessens her physical activities. Because grandmothers are older, so they tend to contribute less in a family. That is, grandmothers are usually a drain of resources for a family. The evolution of monthly menstrual cycle in human females is seen as an example explained by the grandmother hypothesis. None of the abovearrow_forwardGo to the NCBI’s website at https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov On the database dropdown menu, select “Gene” and search for “RB1.” The first entry should be on the Homo sapiens version; click the gene name. Use the information to answer the following: Go back to the RefSeq (back click once) section in the Gene Database entry for RB1. Click on “NP_000312.2” to access the protein’s amino acid acid sequence information: How many amino acids make up the RB protein? Does this value match your prediction in part d.ii.3? Scroll down to “Features.” List two examples of post-translational modifications that can happen to the RB proteinarrow_forward
- The tiny frog Paedophryne amauensis was discovered by researchers purposefully searching for the source of an unusual sound, but sometimes similarity between two species can lead scientists to accidental discoveries. A previously unknown species of wild cat was inadvertently discovered by researchers who were sequencing the DNA of a house cat–sized South American wild cat called the tigrina. The DNA analysis revealed that many alleles found in the supposed tigrinas living in northeastern Brazil are not shared with other tigrinas. This finding suggested that the northeastern cats do not interbreed with other tigrinas and are therefore a different species. What prevents the two species from interbreeding?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best characterizes genetic diversity in humans? 1.) There are far more genetic differences between populations/groups than there is variation within populations. 2.) Between-group differences in most phenotypic traits (e.g., athletic ability, performance on standardized tests, etc.) are mostly inherited and due to the effects of natural selection. 3.) The vast majority of polymorphisms (such as SNPs) in the genome are informative about a person's ancestry (in other words, you could get a pretty good idea of someone's ancestry by looking at their genotype at just about any random SNP in the genome). 4.) Humans have much lower levels of genetic diversity than most other animals.arrow_forwardUsing the information in the Reading file part II and textbook, answer the following questions: Whales possess vestigial organs in the form of pelvic girdle and hind limb bones. How would you explain this? How can you explain that, while forelimbs of bats and human arms are used for vastly different purposes, they do have similar anatomy? PART III. BIOINFORMATICS AND GENE MODIFICATION EVIDENCE SICKLE CELL ANEMIA: GENETICS AND EVOLUTIONCircle the mutation in DNA of the sickle-cell beta-globin gene fragment in the table below: Wild-type beta-globin gene fragment C A C G T A G A C T G A G G A C T C Sickle-cell beta-globin gene fragment C A C G T A G A C T G A G G A C A C Transcribe beta-globin DNA into mRNA. Note: DNA is already arranged in triplet sets (below). Translate mRNA codons into amino acids of hemoglobin protein sequence using the chart on page 3. Wild-type…arrow_forward
- Asthma is a common medical condition that is influenced by genetics and environment. In the US, appraximately 9% of adults have asthma. A recent genome wide association study (GWAS) identifieda genetic variation that increases asthma risk by S0% when a single copy of the risk variant is present in a genome. Which value below would represent the approximate asthma risk of an individual with this genetic variation in their genome? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a 59% b 50% 14.5% 9.5% e 9%arrow_forwardAn important application of DNA fingerprinting is relationship testing. Persons who are related genetically have some bands or peaks in common. The number they share depends on the closeness of their genetic relationship. For example, an offspring is expected to receive half of his or her minisatellites from one parent and the rest from the other. The diagram shown here schematically illustrates traditional DNA fingerprints of an offspring, mother, and two potential fathers. In paternity testing, the offspring’s DNA fingerprint is first compared with that of the mother. The bands that the offspring have in common with the mother are depicted in purple. The bands that are not similar between the offspring and the mother must have been inherited from the father. These bands are depicted in red. Which male could be the father?arrow_forwardThe gene density for each organism is shown in the last column of this data table. Organism Size of genome (base pairs) Size of Genome (Mb) Number of Genes Gene density (genes per Mb) H. influenzae (bacterium) 1.8 million 1.8 1700 944 S. cerevisiae (yeast) 12 million 12 6300 525 E. coli (bacterium) 4.6 million 4.6 4400 957 C. elegans (roundworm) 100 million 100 20100 201 D. melanogaster (fruit fly) 165 million 165 14000 85 A. thaliana (mustard plant) 120 million 120 25500 213 O. sativa (rice) 430 million 430 42000 98 H. sapiens (human) 3.0 billion 3000 21000 7 R. norvegicus (lab rat) 2.8 billion 2800 20000 7 P. troglodytes (chimanzee) 3.1 billion 3100 20000 6. M. mulatta (macaque) 2.9 billion 2900 22000 8 O.anatinus (duck-billed platypus) 1.8 billion 1800 18500 10 P. persica (peach) 227 million 227 27900 123 Use the table to identify three statements that are true regarding the genomes of organisms. More complex organisms (e.g., vertebrates) generally have larger genome sizes. An…arrow_forward
- Given our understanding of modern human genetic variation, why is the concept of race a biological fallacy? Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt V Paragraph | :arrow_forwardIntrogression from Neandertal and Denisovan relatives in our past has resulted in many humans around the world having alleles derived from these extinct ancestors. Describe one allele attributed to Neandertals and one allele attributed to Denisovans in humans today. For your descriptions, include the role of the gene(s) that the allele is(are) linked to, what benefit or feature they are proposed to contribute to, and the population(s) that carry the allele. A Denisovan or Neandertal haplotype would also be suitable.arrow_forwardBioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that integrates computer science with mathematics and statistics to solve biological questions. Many bioinformatic tools for gene prediction, homology modelling and such are available free online. State the functions of CLUSTAL W, BLAST and GLIDE (Schrödinger).arrow_forward
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