Assume that the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has a rule that it will enforce statutory provisions prohibiting insider trading only when the insiders make monetary profits for themselves. Then the SEC makes a new rule, declaring that it will now bring enforcement actions against individuals for insider trading even if the individuals did not personally profit from the transactions. In making the new rule, the SEC does not conduct a rulemaking procedure but simply announces its decision. A stockbrokerage firm objects that the new rule was unlawfully developed without opportunity for public comment. The brokerage firm challenges the rule in an action that ultimately is reviewed by a federal appellate court. Using the information presented in the chapter, answer the following questions.
Suppose that the SEC asserts that it has always had the statutory authority to pursue persons for insider trading regardless of whether they personally profited from the transactions. This is the only argument the SEC makes to justify changing its enforcement rules. Would a court be likely to find that the SEC’s action was arbitrary and capricious under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA)? Why or why not?
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Chapter 23 Solutions
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- Duties and Liabilities of Corporate Directors Discuss the extent to which a director should be held liable for breaching his or her duty of care if he or she simply neglects to read materials regarding issues to be voted on at board meetings or neglects to show up for these meetings. 2. Should such a person be equally or less liable than a director who knowingly votes to approve an illegal or harmful act?arrow_forwardIn US Supreme Court case O'Hagan v. United States (1997), O'Hagan was a lawyer working for Grand Met, a company that was secretly planning to make a tender offer for the stock of Pillsbury, the 'target' firm. O'Hagan bought call options on that stock before Grand Met offer went public. The misappropriation theory articulated by the Court's majority in this case is also called the theory of 'outsider' (rather than 'insider') trading. That is because 0'Hagan was not an insider of Pillsbury, the target. He was an outsider who did not owe a fiduciary duty to the shareholders of Pillsbury. The Court's majority held that he did, however, owe a fiduciary duty to Grand Met, the outside firm holding private material information releyant to the future value of Pillsbury stock.(T/F/U and Why?)arrow_forwardFranchising is a method of distributing products or services involving a franchisorthat establishes the brand's trademark, trade name, business system, and afranchisee who pays a royalty and an initial fee for the right to do business underthe franchisor's name and system. It is a contractual business relationship. Whatdo you think is the prime advantage and disadvantage in having a business ofthis nature?arrow_forward
- Explain the unified code of conduct for business (integrity initiative)arrow_forward3. Regulation of private pension plans Which of the following are provided by federal regulations of private pension plans? Check all that apply. Insurance of all participants in private defined-benefit plans to receive their benefits upon retirement Transferability of vested pension funds upon a change of employment Insurance of only executive employees participating in private defined-benefit plans to receive their benefits upon retirement Insurance of all participants in private defined-contribution plans to receive their benefits upon retirement Tax benefits only for executive employees Which of the following are the characteristics of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC)? Check all that apply. Has no regulatory powers May act as the pension fund manager Affected by economic conditions Has vast regulatory powersarrow_forwardLowe’s Companies, Inc. is a business supply and home improvement retailer incorporated in Mooresville, North Carolina. If Lowe’s Companies, Inc. opens a store in any state in the United States other than North Carolina, it will be considered which of the following in that state? A. A domestic corporation B. A closed corporation C. An alien corporation D. A foreign corporationarrow_forward
- Pls help ASAParrow_forwardThe Chairman of the Federal Reserve, nominated by the President; may be removed and replaced by the President at will. O by the Supreme Court of the United States. by the President but only "for cause" based on legal grounds. O by the Federal Reserve Board of Governors.arrow_forwardDescribe the role and workings of (1) the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and (2) the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB).arrow_forward
- You are President and CEO of Apex Business Systems, Inc. (Apex). Apex, through its purchasing agent, bought a new microwave from Inki Appliances Company (Inki) who sells microwaves on a daily basis. There was no written or oral warranty given when the sale was made. The microwave stopped working one week after it was placed it in the company kitchen. Assume also that nobody misused the microwave or in any way caused it to quit working. The purchasing agent returned the microwave three days after it quit working. The owner of Inki refused to repair or replace the microwave or offer a refund. Prepare a demand letter to be sent to Inki.arrow_forwardPlease do not give solution in image formate thanku.arrow_forwardBill was appointed by Melinda to buy a painting at not more than $1 million. Bill eventually bought the painting for $1.2 million. Melinda wished to ratify Bill's act. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Melinda could ratify if she did so soon after Bill's unauthorised act. Melinda could not ratify because Bill disobeyed her instructions. Bill had actual authority since he was appointed by Melinda to buy the painting. Melinda could still sue Bill for the price difference after ratifying his unauthorised act.arrow_forward
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