The differences between a solute and a solvent and between a hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecule. Introduction: All organisms require water for their growth and survival. Water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Water has an ability to dissolve many chemical molecules and substances into it due to the polarity nature of water molecules, for example, salt. Even though the salt is dissolved in water, the ions of sodium and chloride still remain. These ions are individually surrounded by water molecules. Water acts as a good solvent, i.e., a solvent is a substance that can dissolve other chemical substances is called solutes. When a solute dissolved in a liquid solvent is called a solution. Based on the affinity of water, chemical substances are divided into two types: hydrophilic (substances dissolve in water) and hydrophobic (substances do not dissolve in water).

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 2.3, Problem 2MC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The differences between a solute and a solvent and between a hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecule.

Introduction:

All organisms require water for their growth and survival. Water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Water has an ability to dissolve many chemical molecules and substances into it due to the polarity nature of water molecules, for example, salt. Even though the salt is dissolved in water, the ions of sodium and chloride still remain. These ions are individually surrounded by water molecules.

Water acts as a good solvent, i.e., a solvent is a substance that can dissolve other chemical substances is called solutes. When a solute dissolved in a liquid solvent is called a solution.

Based on the affinity of water, chemical substances are divided into two types: hydrophilic (substances dissolve in water) and hydrophobic (substances do not dissolve in water).

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

Outline a method for using apomixis to maintain feminized CannabisAssume apomixis is controlled by a single dominant gene. You can choose the type of apomixis: obligate or facultative, gametophytic or sporophytic. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of your proposed method.

Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption 1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration. Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable) (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip (f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo

3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug: (a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate) (b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax). (c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax). (d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.) (e)…