
Concept explainers
Interpretation: To determine the number of electrons that an electron carrier carries between complex II and III per trip.
Concept introduction: Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle are transferred to various intermediate carriers and finally reacts with molecular oxygen to form a water molecule. The reaction of the formation of the water is:
There are four complexes associated with the electron transport chain that is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The four complexes that help in the electron transfer in the electron transport chain are:
Complex I:
Complex II:
Complex III:
Complex IV:
Mobile electron carriers are species that transfers electrons between the various complexes of the electron transport chain but is not directly associated with any of the four complexes. Examples of mobile electron carriers include

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Chapter 23 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Seventh Edition
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- Indicate the products of the reaction of 2-cyclopentyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane with H3O+. Draw the structures of the compounds.arrow_forwardQuestion 4 For the molecule shown below, (7 marks): A) Sketch the Newman projection for the view looking along the bond from the perspective of the arrow. B) Then, draw the Newman projection for each 60° rotation along the bond until it returns to the starting point. C) Clearly indicate which Newman projection is the one we see in the structure shown below, and clearly indicate which Newman projection is the highest in energy and which is the lowest in energy. H H Me 'H Me Mearrow_forwardDraw the major product of this reaction. Ignore inorganic byproducts and the amine side product. 'N' 1. NaOH, heat 2. Neutralizing work-up Select to Drawarrow_forward
- Submit Problem 3 of 10 Draw the major product of this reaction. Ignore inorganic byproducts and the amine side product. O 'N' NH 1. NaOH, heat 2. Neutralizing work-up Select to Drawarrow_forwardb) Certain cyclic compounds are known to be conformationally similar to carbohydrates, although they are not themselves carbohydrates. One example is Compound C shown below, which could be imagined as adopting four possible conformations. In reality, however, only one of these is particularly stable. Circle the conformation you expect to be the most stable, and provide an explanation to justify your choice. For your explanation to be both convincing and correct, it must contain not only words, but also "cartoon" orbital drawings contrasting the four structures. Compound C Possible conformations (circle one): Детarrow_forwardLab Data The distance entered is out of the expected range. Check your calculations and conversion factors. Verify your distance. Will the gas cloud be closer to the cotton ball with HCI or NH3? Did you report your data to the correct number of significant figures? - X Experimental Set-up HCI-NH3 NH3-HCI Longer Tube Time elapsed (min) 5 (exact) 5 (exact) Distance between cotton balls (cm) 24.30 24.40 Distance to cloud (cm) 9.70 14.16 Distance traveled by HCI (cm) 9.70 9.80 Distance traveled by NH3 (cm) 14.60 14.50 Diffusion rate of HCI (cm/hr) 116 118 Diffusion rate of NH3 (cm/hr) 175.2 175.2 How to measure distance and calculate ratearrow_forward
- For the titration of a divalent metal ion (M2+) with EDTA, the stoichiometry of the reaction is typically: 1:1 (one mole of EDTA per mole of metal ion) 2:1 (two moles of EDTA per mole of metal ion) 1:2 (one mole of EDTA per two moles of metal ion) None of the abovearrow_forwardPlease help me solve this reaction.arrow_forwardIndicate the products obtained by mixing 2,2-dimethylpropanal with acetaldehyde and sodium ethoxide in ethanol.arrow_forward
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