Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To indicate whether malate undergoes (1) oxidation but not reduction, (2) reduction but not oxidation, (3) both oxidation and reduction or (4) neither oxidation nor reduction in the common
Concept introduction: Common metabolic pathway is the total sum of metabolic reactions that occur in stage third and fourth of the biochemical process or it is defined as the total sum of reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
These stages are included in the common metabolic pathway because the reactions in these stages are the same for different kinds of food.
The citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle are transferred to various intermediate carriers and finally reacts with molecular oxygen to form a water molecule.
(b)
Interpretation: To indicate whether NADH undergoes (1) oxidation but not reduction, (2) reduction but not oxidation, (3) both oxidation and reduction or (4) neither oxidation nor reduction in the common metabolic pathway.
Concept introduction: Common metabolic pathway is the total sum of metabolic reactions that occur in stage third and fourth of the biochemical process or it is defined as the total sum of reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
These stages are included in the common metabolic pathway because the reactions in these stages are the same for different kinds of food.
The citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle are transferred to various intermediate carriers and finally reacts with molecular oxygen to form a water molecule.
(c)
Interpretation: To indicate whether FAD undergoes (1) oxidation but not reduction, (2) reduction but not oxidation, (3) both oxidation and reduction or (4) neither oxidation nor reduction in the common metabolic pathway.
Concept introduction: Common metabolic pathway is the total sum of metabolic reactions that occur in stage third and fourth of the biochemical process or it is defined as the total sum of reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
These stages are included in the common metabolic pathway because the reactions in these stages are the same for different kinds of food.
The citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle are transferred to various intermediate carriers and finally reacts with molecular oxygen to form a water molecule.
(d)
Interpretation: To indicate whether
Concept introduction: Common metabolic pathway is the total sum of metabolic reactions that occur in stage third and fourth of the biochemical process or it is defined as the total sum of reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
These stages are included in the common metabolic pathway because the reactions in these stages are the same for different kinds of food.
The citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 23 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Seventh Edition
- Which nutrient provides energy in its most concentrated form?arrow_forward16. The entire process involved in the use of oxygen by cells. O a. the anabolic pathway O b. a metabolic pathway C. cellular respiration Od. pulmonary respirationarrow_forward17. In the urea cycle, ions are converted to urea. a. рpyruvate b. sodium C. ammonium O d. glutamatearrow_forward
- Refer to the structure 1. The metabolic pathway is an example of a. Oxidative dealkylation b. Reduction c. Oxidative deamination d. Hydrolysis 2. This pathway is true for what kind of drugs a. Endogenous amides b. Endogenous amines c. Radical species d. Endogenous amino acidsarrow_forwardWhat is metabolism and where is energy produced in cells?arrow_forwardThe role of oxygen in aerobic respiration is to A. form water that is the medium of all chemical reactions B. combine with free electrons and hydrogen ions from the electron transport chain C. provide transport of electrons from the cystol across the inner membrane of mitochondria D. combine with carbon to form carbon dioxidearrow_forward
- what is the definition of energy from a metabolic perspective?arrow_forwardIn electron transport, NADH and FADH2 are used to provide a. oxygen b. electrons and hydrogen ions c. carbon atoms d. water and carbon dioxide e. thiol groupsarrow_forwardGlucose is the preferred energy source of the brain, Why?arrow_forward
- What are the four stages of metabolism?arrow_forwardWhich of the four major stages of metabolism involves the Electron Transport Chain? Select one: a. stage one b. stage two c. stage three d. stage fourarrow_forward6. An element used in the body in the form of ions or compounds. a. anabolism b. catabolism Oc. complete protein Od. complex carbohydrate e. macronutrient f. major mineral g. metabolism h. micronutrient Di. mineral Oj. mitochondria k. nutrition I. trace mineralarrow_forward
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry In FocusChemistryISBN:9781305084476Author:Tro, Nivaldo J., Neu, Don.Publisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co