Chapter 23, Problem 23.7P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The range in electronegativity across the first $\left(3d\right)$ transition series has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The ground state electronic configuration for the first row of transition element is

$\left[nearestnoblegas\right]n{s}^2(n-1)d^x$ and for the third and rows is

  $\left[nearestnoblegas\right]n{s}^2(n-2)f^{14}(n-1)d^x$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The range in electronegativity of Period 4 of the main-group elements has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The ground state electronic configuration for the first row of transition element is

$\left[nearestnoblegas\right]n{s}^2(n-1)d^x$and for the third and rows is

  $\left[nearestnoblegas\right]n{s}^2(n-2)f^{14}(n-1)d^x$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The range in electronegativity across the first $\left(3d\right)$ transition series and the range in electronegativity of Period 4 of the main-group elements has to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The ground state electronic configuration for the first row of transition element is

$\left[nearestnoblegas\right]n{s}^2(n-1)d^x$and for the third and rows is

  $\left[nearestnoblegas\right]n{s}^2(n-2)f^{14}(n-1)d^x$