The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 1. Concept introduction: Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation): Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation) is one of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl halide or acyl halides reaction with benzene (or electron donating group present in the benzene ring) in the presence of anhydrous aluminum trichloride which gives the corresponding alkylated or acylated compound.

Question

The table includes macrostates characterized by 4 energy levels (&) that are equally spaced but with different degrees of occupation. a) Calculate the energy of all the macrostates (in joules). See if they all have the same energy and number of particles. b) Calculate the macrostate that is most likely to exist. For this macrostate, show that the population of the levels is consistent with the Boltzmann distribution. macrostate 1 macrostate 2 macrostate 3 ε/k (K) Populations Populations Populations 300 5 3 4 200 7 9 8 100 15 17 16 0 33 31 32 DATO: k = 1,38×10-23 J K-1

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 1.

Concept introduction:

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation):

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation) is one of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl halide or acyl halides reaction with benzene (or electron donating group present in the benzene ring) in the presence of anhydrous aluminum trichloride which gives the corresponding alkylated or acylated compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3.

Concept introduction:

Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reductive amination is to be explained and the explanation has to be given for two step synthesis of amination is used rather than reductive amination.

Concept introduction:

Reductive amination reaction: Amination is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule.

The conversion of Carbonyl group in to amine via imine intermediate is called reductive amination.

(D)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(E)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Achiral:

A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Students have asked these similar questions

The table includes macrostates characterized by 4 energy levels (&) that are equally spaced but with different degrees of occupation. a) Calculate the energy of all the macrostates (in joules). See if they all have the same energy and number of particles. b) Calculate the macrostate that is most likely to exist. For this macrostate, show that the population of the levels is consistent with the Boltzmann distribution. macrostate 1 macrostate 2 macrostate 3 ε/k (K) Populations Populations Populations 300 5 3 4 200 7 9 8 100 15 17 16 0 33 31 32 DATO: k = 1,38×10-23 J K-1

Don't used Ai solution

In an experiment, the viscosity of water was measured at different temperatures and the table was constructed from the data obtained. a) Calculate the activation energy of viscous flow (kJ/mol). b) Calculate the viscosity at 30°C. T/°C 0 20 40 60 80 η/cpoise 1,972 1,005 0,656 0,469 0,356

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 1.

Concept introduction:

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation):

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation) is one of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl halide or acyl halides reaction with benzene (or electron donating group present in the benzene ring) in the presence of anhydrous aluminum trichloride which gives the corresponding alkylated or acylated compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3.

Concept introduction:

Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reductive amination is to be explained and the explanation has to be given for two step synthesis of amination is used rather than reductive amination.

Concept introduction:

Reductive amination reaction: Amination is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule.

The conversion of Carbonyl group in to amine via imine intermediate is called reductive amination.

(D)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(E)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Achiral:

A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 1.

Concept introduction:

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation):

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation) is one of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl halide or acyl halides reaction with benzene (or electron donating group present in the benzene ring) in the presence of anhydrous aluminum trichloride which gives the corresponding alkylated or acylated compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3.

Concept introduction:

Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reductive amination is to be explained and the explanation has to be given for two step synthesis of amination is used rather than reductive amination.

Concept introduction:

Reductive amination reaction: Amination is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule.

The conversion of Carbonyl group in to amine via imine intermediate is called reductive amination.

(D)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(E)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Achiral:

A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 1.

Concept introduction:

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation):

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation) is one of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl halide or acyl halides reaction with benzene (or electron donating group present in the benzene ring) in the presence of anhydrous aluminum trichloride which gives the corresponding alkylated or acylated compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3.

Concept introduction:

Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reductive amination is to be explained and the explanation has to be given for two step synthesis of amination is used rather than reductive amination.

Concept introduction:

Reductive amination reaction: Amination is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule.

The conversion of Carbonyl group in to amine via imine intermediate is called reductive amination.

(D)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(E)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Achiral:

A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 5

Chapter 23, Problem 23.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 1.

Concept introduction:

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation):

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation) is one of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl halide or acyl halides reaction with benzene (or electron donating group present in the benzene ring) in the presence of anhydrous aluminum trichloride which gives the corresponding alkylated or acylated compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3.

Concept introduction:

Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reductive amination is to be explained and the explanation has to be given for two step synthesis of amination is used rather than reductive amination.

Concept introduction:

Reductive amination reaction: Amination is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule.

The conversion of Carbonyl group in to amine via imine intermediate is called reductive amination.

(D)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(E)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Achiral:

A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.

Answer 6

Chapter 23, Problem 23.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 1.

Concept introduction:

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation):

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation) is one of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl halide or acyl halides reaction with benzene (or electron donating group present in the benzene ring) in the presence of anhydrous aluminum trichloride which gives the corresponding alkylated or acylated compound.

Answer 7

Chapter 23, Problem 23.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 1.

Concept introduction:

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation):

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation) is one of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl halide or acyl halides reaction with benzene (or electron donating group present in the benzene ring) in the presence of anhydrous aluminum trichloride which gives the corresponding alkylated or acylated compound.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3.

Concept introduction:

Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3.

Concept introduction:

Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reductive amination is to be explained and the explanation has to be given for two step synthesis of amination is used rather than reductive amination.

Concept introduction:

Reductive amination reaction: Amination is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule.

The conversion of Carbonyl group in to amine via imine intermediate is called reductive amination.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reductive amination is to be explained and the explanation has to be given for two step synthesis of amination is used rather than reductive amination.

Concept introduction:

Reductive amination reaction: Amination is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule.

The conversion of Carbonyl group in to amine via imine intermediate is called reductive amination.

Answer 12

(D)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Answer 13

(D)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Answer 14

(E)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Achiral:

A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.

Answer 15

(E)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Achiral:

A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.

Answer 16

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 17

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 18

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 19

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 20

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 21

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

Answer 22

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

Answer 23

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

Answer 24

Trending now

Answer 25

This is a popular solution!

Answer 26

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 27

Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 23.1P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.2P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.3P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.4P Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 23.5P Ch. 23.5 - Prob. AQ Ch. 23.5 - What is the hybridization of the nitrogen in...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. CQ Ch. 23.5 - The pKas of the conjugate acids of aniline and...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. EQ

Interpretation: The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3. Concept introduction: Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

Interpretation: The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5. Concept introduction: Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Chapter 23 Solutions

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3.

Concept introduction:

Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.