Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown. Concept Introduction: Preparation of imine: An imine is a compound having C = N bond that is formed by the reaction of a ketone or aldehyde and primary amine under mild acidic conditions with the elimination of water molecule. Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction.

Question

5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.34P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of imine:

An imine is a compound having C=N bond that is formed by the reaction of a ketone or aldehyde and primary amine under mild acidic conditions with the elimination of water molecule.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Amide Hydrolysis: In presence of base, amide reacts with water to form the corresponding amine and carboxylic acid salt.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of amine: A primary amine is formed when an alkyl halide is reacted with excess ammonia.

Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid chlorides are most often prepared by treating a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride.

Amide Formation: Amide is formed when an acid chloride reacts with an amine or ammonia.

Here, the chlorine atom that is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the acid chloride is being replaced by −NH2, −NHR' or −NR'2 group in the an amine or ammonia forming amide.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction. In a reaction, LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminium hydride) is used as a reducing agent.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of amide: An amide is formed when an ester is reacted with ammonia.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction. In a reaction, LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminium hydride) is used as a reducing agent.

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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

Show work. don't give Ai generated solution. How many carbons and hydrogens are in the structure?

13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule depicted below. Bond B 2°C. +2°C. cleavage Bond A •CH3 + 26.← Cleavage 2°C. + Bond C +3°C• CH3 2C Cleavage E 2°C. 26. weakest bond Intact molecule Strongest 3°C 20. Gund Largest argest a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in appropriate boxes. C Weakest bond A Produces Most Bond Strongest Bond Strongest Gund produces least stable radicals Weakest Stable radical b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A, B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B, and C are all carbon radicals. i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. 13°C. formed in bound C cleavage ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. • CH3 methyl radical Formed in Gund A Cleavage c.…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.34P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of imine:

An imine is a compound having C=N bond that is formed by the reaction of a ketone or aldehyde and primary amine under mild acidic conditions with the elimination of water molecule.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Amide Hydrolysis: In presence of base, amide reacts with water to form the corresponding amine and carboxylic acid salt.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of amine: A primary amine is formed when an alkyl halide is reacted with excess ammonia.

Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid chlorides are most often prepared by treating a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride.

Amide Formation: Amide is formed when an acid chloride reacts with an amine or ammonia.

Here, the chlorine atom that is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the acid chloride is being replaced by −NH2, −NHR' or −NR'2 group in the an amine or ammonia forming amide.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction. In a reaction, LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminium hydride) is used as a reducing agent.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of amide: An amide is formed when an ester is reacted with ammonia.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction. In a reaction, LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminium hydride) is used as a reducing agent.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.34P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of imine:

An imine is a compound having C=N bond that is formed by the reaction of a ketone or aldehyde and primary amine under mild acidic conditions with the elimination of water molecule.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Amide Hydrolysis: In presence of base, amide reacts with water to form the corresponding amine and carboxylic acid salt.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of amine: A primary amine is formed when an alkyl halide is reacted with excess ammonia.

Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid chlorides are most often prepared by treating a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride.

Amide Formation: Amide is formed when an acid chloride reacts with an amine or ammonia.

Here, the chlorine atom that is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the acid chloride is being replaced by −NH2, −NHR' or −NR'2 group in the an amine or ammonia forming amide.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction. In a reaction, LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminium hydride) is used as a reducing agent.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of amide: An amide is formed when an ester is reacted with ammonia.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction. In a reaction, LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminium hydride) is used as a reducing agent.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.34P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of imine:

An imine is a compound having C=N bond that is formed by the reaction of a ketone or aldehyde and primary amine under mild acidic conditions with the elimination of water molecule.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Amide Hydrolysis: In presence of base, amide reacts with water to form the corresponding amine and carboxylic acid salt.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of amine: A primary amine is formed when an alkyl halide is reacted with excess ammonia.

Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid chlorides are most often prepared by treating a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride.

Amide Formation: Amide is formed when an acid chloride reacts with an amine or ammonia.

Here, the chlorine atom that is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the acid chloride is being replaced by −NH2, −NHR' or −NR'2 group in the an amine or ammonia forming amide.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction. In a reaction, LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminium hydride) is used as a reducing agent.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of amide: An amide is formed when an ester is reacted with ammonia.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction. In a reaction, LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminium hydride) is used as a reducing agent.

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Answer 5

Chapter 23, Problem 23.34P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of imine:

An imine is a compound having C=N bond that is formed by the reaction of a ketone or aldehyde and primary amine under mild acidic conditions with the elimination of water molecule.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Amide Hydrolysis: In presence of base, amide reacts with water to form the corresponding amine and carboxylic acid salt.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of amine: A primary amine is formed when an alkyl halide is reacted with excess ammonia.

Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid chlorides are most often prepared by treating a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride.

Amide Formation: Amide is formed when an acid chloride reacts with an amine or ammonia.

Here, the chlorine atom that is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the acid chloride is being replaced by −NH2, −NHR' or −NR'2 group in the an amine or ammonia forming amide.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction. In a reaction, LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminium hydride) is used as a reducing agent.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of amide: An amide is formed when an ester is reacted with ammonia.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction. In a reaction, LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminium hydride) is used as a reducing agent.

Answer 6

Chapter 23, Problem 23.34P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of imine:

An imine is a compound having C=N bond that is formed by the reaction of a ketone or aldehyde and primary amine under mild acidic conditions with the elimination of water molecule.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction.

Answer 7

Chapter 23, Problem 23.34P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of imine:

An imine is a compound having C=N bond that is formed by the reaction of a ketone or aldehyde and primary amine under mild acidic conditions with the elimination of water molecule.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Amide Hydrolysis: In presence of base, amide reacts with water to form the corresponding amine and carboxylic acid salt.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Amide Hydrolysis: In presence of base, amide reacts with water to form the corresponding amine and carboxylic acid salt.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of amine: A primary amine is formed when an alkyl halide is reacted with excess ammonia.

Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of amine: A primary amine is formed when an alkyl halide is reacted with excess ammonia.

Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid chlorides are most often prepared by treating a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride.

Amide Formation: Amide is formed when an acid chloride reacts with an amine or ammonia.

Here, the chlorine atom that is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the acid chloride is being replaced by −NH2, −NHR' or −NR'2 group in the an amine or ammonia forming amide.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction. In a reaction, LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminium hydride) is used as a reducing agent.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid chlorides are most often prepared by treating a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride.

Amide Formation: Amide is formed when an acid chloride reacts with an amine or ammonia.

Here, the chlorine atom that is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the acid chloride is being replaced by −NH2, −NHR' or −NR'2 group in the an amine or ammonia forming amide.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction. In a reaction, LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminium hydride) is used as a reducing agent.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of amide: An amide is formed when an ester is reacted with ammonia.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction. In a reaction, LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminium hydride) is used as a reducing agent.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of amide: An amide is formed when an ester is reacted with ammonia.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction. In a reaction, LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminium hydride) is used as a reducing agent.

Answer 18

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Answer 29

Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 23.1P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.2P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.3P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.4P Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 23.5P Ch. 23.5 - Prob. AQ Ch. 23.5 - What is the hybridization of the nitrogen in...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. CQ Ch. 23.5 - The pKas of the conjugate acids of aniline and...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. EQ

Solution Summary: The author explains how benzylamine is synthesized from the given starting material.

Concept explainers

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Amide Hydrolysis: In presence of base, amide reacts with water to form the corresponding amine and carboxylic acid salt.

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of amine: A primary amine is formed when an alkyl halide is reacted with excess ammonia.

Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

Chapter 23 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains how benzylamine is synthesized from the given starting material.

Concept explainers

Interpretation: Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown. Concept Introduction: Amide Hydrolysis: In presence of base, amide reacts with water to form the corresponding amine and carboxylic acid salt.

Interpretation: Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown. Concept Introduction: Preparation of amine: A primary amine is formed when an alkyl halide is reacted with excess ammonia. Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

Interpretation: Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown. Concept Introduction: Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

Chapter 23 Solutions

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Amide Hydrolysis: In presence of base, amide reacts with water to form the corresponding amine and carboxylic acid salt.

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Preparation of amine: A primary amine is formed when an alkyl halide is reacted with excess ammonia.

Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.

Interpretation:

Synthesis of benzylamine from the given starting material has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Thionyl chloride: SOCl2 is used convert to an alcohol to an alkyl halide.