To identify the substances among malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α − ketoglutarate , and citrate that contains four carbon atoms. Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid . The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid. The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows: The second class consists of α − ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid. The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.49EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances among malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains four carbon atoms.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains a keto functional group.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that have a charge of −2.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that are succinic acid derivative.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

Based on your results from the Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) media, which of your bacteria were mannitol fermenters and which were not mannitol fermenters?

help tutor please

Q8. A researcher wants to study the effectiveness of a pill intended to reduce stomach heartburn in pregnant women. The researcher chooses randomly 400 women to participate in this experiment for 9 months of their pregnancy period. They all need to have the same diet. The researcher designs two groups of 200 participants: One group take the real medication intended to reduce heartburn, while the other group take placebo medication. In this study what are: Independent variable: Dependent variable: Control variable: Experimental group: " Control group: If the participants do not know who is consuming the real pills and who is consuming the sugar pills. This study is It happens that 40% of the participants do not find the treatment helpful and drop out after 6 months. The researcher throws out the data from subjects that drop out. What type of bias is there in this study? If the company who makes the medication funds this research, what type of bias might exist in this research work?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.49EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances among malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains four carbon atoms.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains a keto functional group.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that have a charge of −2.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that are succinic acid derivative.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.49EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances among malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains four carbon atoms.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains a keto functional group.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that have a charge of −2.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that are succinic acid derivative.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.49EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances among malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains four carbon atoms.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains a keto functional group.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that have a charge of −2.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that are succinic acid derivative.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 23, Problem 23.49EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances among malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains four carbon atoms.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains a keto functional group.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that have a charge of −2.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that are succinic acid derivative.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Answer 6

Chapter 23, Problem 23.49EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances among malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains four carbon atoms.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Answer 7

Chapter 23, Problem 23.49EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances among malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains four carbon atoms.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains a keto functional group.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains a keto functional group.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that have a charge of −2.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that have a charge of −2.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that are succinic acid derivative.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that are succinic acid derivative.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 17

Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 23.2 - Which of the following is not found within the...Ch. 23.2 - Which of the following is not an organelle? a....Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 23.3 - Which of the following statements concerning...Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 23.3 - Which of the following statements concerning...Ch. 23.3 - Which of the following statements concerning...

Solution Summary: The author explains that there are a number of metabolic reactions that occur in the human body for completion of functions.

Concept explainers

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 23 Solutions