Chapter 23, Problem 23.47P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The nitroso group $\text{(}-\text{N=O)}$ is ortho/para directing as well as deactivating; the reason for this is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The electron donating groups activate the aromatic ring. The electron donating groups increase the electron density at ortho-para position and thus they are ortho-para directing. This means that electrophilic aromatic substitution preferably occurs at ortho-para position.