BF3, Boron Trifluoride, known to contain three covalent boron-fluorine bonds. suggest and illustrate all of the processes as well as their energetical consequences for the formation of BF3 from its elements.

BF3, Boron Trifluoride, known to contain three covalent boron-fluorine bonds. suggest and illustrate all of the processes as well as their energetical consequences for the formation of BF3 from its elements.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter20: The Representative Elements

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 118IP: Although nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) is a thermally stable compound, nitrogen triiodide (Nl3) is...

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The element xenon (Xe) is by no means chemically inert;it forms a number of chemical compounds with electronegative elements such as fluorine and oxygen. The reaction of xenon with varying amounts of fluorine producesXeF2 and XeF4. Subsequent reaction of one or the otherof these compounds with water produces (depending onconditions) XeO3, XeO4, and H4XeO6, as well as mixedcompounds such as XeOF4. Predict the structures ofthese six xenon compounds, using the VSEPR theory.
Acetylene 1C2H22 and nitrogen 1N22 both contain a triplebond, but they differ greatly in their chemical properties.(a) Write the Lewis structures for the two substances. (b) Byreferring to Appendix C, look up the enthalpies of formationof acetylene and nitrogen. Which compound is more stable?(c) Write balanced chemical equations for the completeoxidation of N2 to form N2O51g2 and of acetylene to formCO21g2 and H2O1g2. (d) Calculate the enthalpy of oxidationper mole for N2 and for C2H2 (the enthalpy of formationof N2O51g2 is 11.30 kJ>mol). (e) Both N2 and C2H2 possesstriple bonds with quite high bond enthalpies (Table 8.3).Calculate the enthalpy of hydrogenation per mole for bothcompounds: acetylene plus H2 to make methane, CH4;nitrogen plus H2 to make ammonia, NH3.
Answer the following questions that relate to the chemistry of nitrogen. (a) Two nitrogen atoms combine to form a nitrogen molecule, as represented by the following equation. 2 N(g) ® N2(g) Using the table of average bond energies below, determine the enthalpy change, AH, for the reaction. Average Bond Energy (k) mol-1) Bond N-N 160 N=N 420 N°N 950 (b) The reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia is represented below. N2(g) + 3 H2(g)® 2 NH3(g) AH° = -92.2 kJ Predict the sign of the standard entropy change, AS', for the reaction. Justify your answer. (C) The value of AG° for the reaction represented in part (b) is negative at low temperatures but positive at high temperatures. Explain.
A major challenge in implementing the “hydrogen economy”is finding a safe, lightweight, and compact way of storinghydrogen for use as a fuel. The hydrides of light metalsare attractive for hydrogen storage because they can store ahigh weight percentage of hydrogen in a small volume. Forexample, NaAlH4 can release 5.6% of its mass as H2 upondecomposing to NaH(s), Al(s), and H2(g). NaAlH4 possessesboth covalent bonds, which hold polyatomic anionstogether, and ionic bonds. (a) Write a balanced equationfor the decomposition of NaAlH4. (b) Which element inNaAlH4 is the most electronegative? Which one is the leastelectronegative? (c) Based on electronegativity differences,predict the identity of the polyatomic anion. Draw a Lewisstructure for this ion. (d) What is the formal charge on hydrogenin the polyatomic ion?
In addition to ammonia, nitrogen forms three other hydrides: hydrazine (N2H4), diazene (N2H2), and tetrazene (N4H4).(a) Use Lewis structures to compare the strength, length, and order of the nitrogen-nitrogen bonds in hydrazine, diazene, and N2.(b) Tetrazene (atom sequence H2NNNNH2) decomposes above 08C to hydrazine and nitrogen gas. Draw a Lewis structure for tetrazene, and calculate ΔH°rxn for this decomposition.
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Compounds such as NaBH4, Al(BH4)3, and LiAlH4 are complexhydrides used as reducing agents in many syntheses.(a) Give the oxidation state of each element in these compounds.(b) Write a Lewis structure for the polyatomic anion in NaBH4, and predict its shape.
Mixing SbCl3 and GaCl3 in a 1:1 molar ratio using liquid sulfur dioxide as a solvent gives a solidionic compound with the empirical formula GaSbCl6. A controversy arose over whether this compoundis [SbCl2]+[GaCl4]− or [GaCl2]+[SbCl4]−.(a) Predict the molecular structure of the two anions from the two choices using VSEPR theory.(b) It is learned that the cation in the compound has a bent structure. Based on this fact, whichformulation is the correct one?
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Give detailed Solution with explanation needed (no need Handwritten answer
For many years after they were discovered, it was believed that the noble gases could not form compounds. Now we know that belief to be incorrect. A mixture of xenon and fluorine gases, confined in a quartz bulb and placed on a windowsill, is found to slowly produce a white solid. Analysis of the compound indicates that it contains 77.55% Xe and 22.45% F by mass.(a) What is the formula of the compound?(b) Write a Lewis structure for the compound.(c) Predict the shape of the molecules of the compound.(d) What hybridization is consistent with the shape you predicted?