Chapter 23, Problem 23.76P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Complete and detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In the nucleophile addition step, nucleophile attacked on electrophilic carbon. In this step new bond is formed between carbon and nucleophile $\left(\text{C-Nu}\right)$.

In the nucleophile elimination step, a good leaving group like halogens is removed and the formation of a double bond takes place.

In the case of a proton transfer reaction, a proton is abstracted by the electronegative atom like nitrogen.

As the electronegativity of halogen increases electron withdrawing capacity also increases $\left(\text{I}<\text{ Br }<\text{ Cl }<\text{ F}\right)$.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete and detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In the nucleophile addition step, nucleophile attacked on electrophilic carbon. In this step new bond is formed between carbon and nucleophile $\left(\text{C-Nu}\right)$.

In the nucleophile elimination step, a good leaving group like halogens is removed and the formation of double bond takes place.

In the case of proton transfer reaction, the proton is abstracted by the electronegative atom like oxygen.

As the electronegativity of halogen increases electron withdrawing capacity also increases $\left(\text{I}<\text{ Br }<\text{ Cl }<\text{ F}\right)$.