Chapter 23, Problem 23.35P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative amounts of ortho and para products of the nitration of various alkylbenzenes depend on the specific identity of the alkyl group. What trend is observed and what factor account for this trend, it is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The nitration is the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The electron donating groups activates the aromatic ring and increases the electron density at ortho-para position comparatively than meta position. Therefore they are ortho-para directors. The bulkier atom or groups preferably attached at para-position to reduce the steric strain at ortho position.