Chapter 23, Problem 23.11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of Ruthenium has to be written.  Using the location of Ruthenium element in the periodic table.

Concept introduction:

The transition elements in Periods 4 and 5 have a general electron configuration of

  $\left[\text{noble gas}\right]{\text{ns}}^{\text{2}}\left(\text{n– 1}\right){\text{d}}^{\text{x}}\text{.}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of Copper has to be written.  Using the location of copper element in the periodic table.

Concept introduction:

The transition elements in Periods 4 and 5 have a general electron configuration of

  $\left[\text{noble gas}\right]{\text{ns}}^{\text{2}}\left(\text{n– 1}\right){\text{d}}^{\text{x}}\text{.}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of Nickel has to be written.  Using the location of Nickel element in the periodic table.

Concept introduction:

The transition elements in Periods 4 and 5 have a general electron configuration of

  $\left[\text{noble gas}\right]{\text{ns}}^{\text{2}}\left(\text{n– 1}\right){\text{d}}^{\text{x}}\text{.}$