
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The oxidation state
Concept introduction:
Oxidation number: (Oxidation state) A number equal to the magnitude of the charge an atom would have if its shared electrons were transferred to the atom that attracts them more strongly.
A balanced chemical equation occurs when the number of the different atoms of elements in the reactants side is equal to that of the products side.
(a)

Explanation of Solution
Given,
Iron (III) ion reacts with hypochlorite ion in basic solution to form ferrate ion
The balanced equation is
Based on the chemical equation, the total number of iron oxidation is +6 each Iron has +3 oxidation state.
(b)
Interpretation:
The oxidation state transition metal is Manganese and balanced equation has to be written.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation number: (Oxidation state) A number equal to the magnitude of the charge an atom would have if its shared electrons were transferred to the atom that attracts them more strongly.
A balanced chemical equation occurs when the number of the different atoms of elements in the reactants side is equal to that of the products side.
(b)

Explanation of Solution
Given,
Potassium hexacyanomanganate (II) reacts with
The balanced equation is
Based on the chemical equation six potassium cation balanced by six cyanide ions. Hence, the oxidation of Manganese is zero.
(c)
Interpretation:
The oxidation state transition metal is Cobalt ion and balanced equation has to be written.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation number: (Oxidation state) A number equal to the magnitude of the charge an atom would have if its shared electrons were transferred to the atom that attracts them more strongly.
A balanced chemical equation occurs when the number of the different atoms of elements in the reactants side is equal to that of the products side.
(c)

Explanation of Solution
Given,
Heating sodium superoxide
The balanced equation is
Based on the chemical equation oxygen eight negative charge balance by four sodium and another four balance by Cobalt. Therefor the Cobalt oxidation state is four.
(d)
Interpretation:
The oxidation state transition metal is Vanadium ion and balanced equation has to be written.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation number: (Oxidation state) A number equal to the magnitude of the charge an atom would have if its shared electrons were transferred to the atom that attracts them more strongly.
A balanced chemical equation occurs when the number of the different atoms of elements in the reactants side is equal to that of the products side.
(d)

Explanation of Solution
Vanadium (III) chloride reacts with
The balanced equation is
Based on the chemical equation sodium has one positive charge that positive charge balanced by vanadium so the vanadium has -1 charge.
Therefore, the oxidation state of Vanadium is -1
(e)
Interpretation:
The oxidation state transition metal is Nickel ion and balanced equation has to be written.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation number: (Oxidation state) A number equal to the magnitude of the charge an atom would have if its shared electrons were transferred to the atom that attracts them more strongly.
A balanced chemical equation occurs when the number of the different atoms of elements in the reactants side is equal to that of the products side.
(e)

Explanation of Solution
Given,
Barium peroxide reacts with nickel (II) ions in basic solution to produce
The balanced equation is
Hence, the oxidation of Nickel is +4
(f)
Interpretation:
The oxidation state transition metal is Cobalt ion and balanced equation has to be written.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation number: (Oxidation state) A number equal to the magnitude of the charge an atom would have if its shared electrons were transferred to the atom that attracts them more strongly.
A balanced chemical equation occurs when the number of the different atoms of elements in the reactants side is equal to that of the products side.
(f)

Explanation of Solution
Bubbling
The balanced equation is
(g)
Interpretation:
The oxidation state transition metal is Copper ion and balanced equation has to be written.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation number: (Oxidation state) A number equal to the magnitude of the charge an atom would have if its shared electrons were transferred to the atom that attracts them more strongly.
A balanced chemical equation occurs when the number of the different atoms of elements in the reactants side is equal to that of the products side.
(g)

Explanation of Solution
Heating cesium tetrafluorocuprate (II) with
The balanced equation is
Hence, the oxidation state of the copper is +4.
(h)
Interpretation:
The oxidation state transition metal is Tantalum ion and balanced equation has to be written.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation number: (Oxidation state) A number equal to the magnitude of the charge an atom would have if its shared electrons were transferred to the atom that attracts them more strongly.
A balanced chemical equation occurs when the number of the different atoms of elements in the reactants side is equal to that of the products side.
(h)

Explanation of Solution
Given,
Heating tantalum (V) chloride with
The balanced equation is
Hence, 3 Tantalum is +3 oxidation state and 3 Tantalum is +2 oxidation state.
(i)
Interpretation:
The oxidation state transition metal is Nickel ion and balanced equation has to be written.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation number: (Oxidation state) A number equal to the magnitude of the charge an atom would have if its shared electrons were transferred to the atom that attracts them more strongly.
A balanced chemical equation occurs when the number of the different atoms of elements in the reactants side is equal to that of the products side.
(i)

Explanation of Solution
Potassium tetracyanonickelate (II) reacts with hydrazine
The balanced equation is
Hence, the oxidation state of the Nickel is +1.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
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