Chapter 23, Problem 21P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures of compounds A-E in the given reaction sequence are to be proposed.

Concept Introduction:

Electrophiles are electron deficient species which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles which accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron rich species which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles which donate electron pair.

Free radical is an atom, molecule or ion that has unpaired electrons which makes it highly chemically reactive.

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

Vaccenic acid occurs naturally as trans-fatty acid in fats of ruminants and dairy products.

Its systematic name is $\text{octadec}-11-\text{enoic acid}$ and its molecular formula is ${\text{C}}_{\text{18}}{\text{H}}_{\text{34}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$.