a) Interpretation: What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated. Concept introduction: Aldehydes and ketones get brominated at α-carbon when treated with Br 2 in acetic acid. Dehydrohalogenation occurs when an alkyl hakide is treated with alc.KOH or when heated with pyridine. To state: What is wrong with the synthetic route given?

Question

The table includes macrostates characterized by 4 energy levels (&) that are equally spaced but with different degrees of occupation. a) Calculate the energy of all the macrostates (in joules). See if they all have the same energy and number of particles. b) Calculate the macrostate that is most likely to exist. For this macrostate, show that the population of the levels is consistent with the Boltzmann distribution. macrostate 1 macrostate 2 macrostate 3 ε/k (K) Populations Populations Populations 300 5 3 4 200 7 9 8 100 15 17 16 0 33 31 32 DATO: k = 1,38×10-23 J K-1

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 22.SE, Problem 60AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones get brominated at α-carbon when treated with Br₂ in acetic acid. Dehydrohalogenation occurs when an alkyl hakide is treated with alc.KOH or when heated with pyridine.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given?

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetoacetic ester when treated with sodium ethoxide yields an enolate anion. The enolate ion will undergo a S_N² displacement reaction with primary alkyl halides. Hydrolysis of the diester and decarboxylation of the dicarboxylic acid produced will yield a monocarboxylic acid.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given?

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetoacetic ester synthesis can be used to prepare methyl ketones. Carboxylic acids can be prepared by malonic ester synthesis.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route shown?

Expert Solution & Answer

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The table includes macrostates characterized by 4 energy levels (&) that are equally spaced but with different degrees of occupation. a) Calculate the energy of all the macrostates (in joules). See if they all have the same energy and number of particles. b) Calculate the macrostate that is most likely to exist. For this macrostate, show that the population of the levels is consistent with the Boltzmann distribution. macrostate 1 macrostate 2 macrostate 3 ε/k (K) Populations Populations Populations 300 5 3 4 200 7 9 8 100 15 17 16 0 33 31 32 DATO: k = 1,38×10-23 J K-1

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In an experiment, the viscosity of water was measured at different temperatures and the table was constructed from the data obtained. a) Calculate the activation energy of viscous flow (kJ/mol). b) Calculate the viscosity at 30°C. T/°C 0 20 40 60 80 η/cpoise 1,972 1,005 0,656 0,469 0,356

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 22.SE, Problem 60AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones get brominated at α-carbon when treated with Br₂ in acetic acid. Dehydrohalogenation occurs when an alkyl hakide is treated with alc.KOH or when heated with pyridine.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given?

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetoacetic ester when treated with sodium ethoxide yields an enolate anion. The enolate ion will undergo a S_N² displacement reaction with primary alkyl halides. Hydrolysis of the diester and decarboxylation of the dicarboxylic acid produced will yield a monocarboxylic acid.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given?

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetoacetic ester synthesis can be used to prepare methyl ketones. Carboxylic acids can be prepared by malonic ester synthesis.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route shown?

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 22.SE, Problem 60AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones get brominated at α-carbon when treated with Br₂ in acetic acid. Dehydrohalogenation occurs when an alkyl hakide is treated with alc.KOH or when heated with pyridine.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given?

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetoacetic ester when treated with sodium ethoxide yields an enolate anion. The enolate ion will undergo a S_N² displacement reaction with primary alkyl halides. Hydrolysis of the diester and decarboxylation of the dicarboxylic acid produced will yield a monocarboxylic acid.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given?

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetoacetic ester synthesis can be used to prepare methyl ketones. Carboxylic acids can be prepared by malonic ester synthesis.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route shown?

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 22.SE, Problem 60AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones get brominated at α-carbon when treated with Br₂ in acetic acid. Dehydrohalogenation occurs when an alkyl hakide is treated with alc.KOH or when heated with pyridine.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given?

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetoacetic ester when treated with sodium ethoxide yields an enolate anion. The enolate ion will undergo a S_N² displacement reaction with primary alkyl halides. Hydrolysis of the diester and decarboxylation of the dicarboxylic acid produced will yield a monocarboxylic acid.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given?

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetoacetic ester synthesis can be used to prepare methyl ketones. Carboxylic acids can be prepared by malonic ester synthesis.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route shown?

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 5

Chapter 22.SE, Problem 60AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones get brominated at α-carbon when treated with Br₂ in acetic acid. Dehydrohalogenation occurs when an alkyl hakide is treated with alc.KOH or when heated with pyridine.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given?

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetoacetic ester when treated with sodium ethoxide yields an enolate anion. The enolate ion will undergo a S_N² displacement reaction with primary alkyl halides. Hydrolysis of the diester and decarboxylation of the dicarboxylic acid produced will yield a monocarboxylic acid.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given?

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetoacetic ester synthesis can be used to prepare methyl ketones. Carboxylic acids can be prepared by malonic ester synthesis.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route shown?

Answer 6

Chapter 22.SE, Problem 60AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones get brominated at α-carbon when treated with Br₂ in acetic acid. Dehydrohalogenation occurs when an alkyl hakide is treated with alc.KOH or when heated with pyridine.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given?

Answer 7

Chapter 22.SE, Problem 60AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones get brominated at α-carbon when treated with Br₂ in acetic acid. Dehydrohalogenation occurs when an alkyl hakide is treated with alc.KOH or when heated with pyridine.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given?

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetoacetic ester when treated with sodium ethoxide yields an enolate anion. The enolate ion will undergo a S_N² displacement reaction with primary alkyl halides. Hydrolysis of the diester and decarboxylation of the dicarboxylic acid produced will yield a monocarboxylic acid.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given?

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetoacetic ester when treated with sodium ethoxide yields an enolate anion. The enolate ion will undergo a S_N² displacement reaction with primary alkyl halides. Hydrolysis of the diester and decarboxylation of the dicarboxylic acid produced will yield a monocarboxylic acid.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given?

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetoacetic ester synthesis can be used to prepare methyl ketones. Carboxylic acids can be prepared by malonic ester synthesis.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route shown?

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetoacetic ester synthesis can be used to prepare methyl ketones. Carboxylic acids can be prepared by malonic ester synthesis.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route shown?

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 23

Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 22.1 - How many acidic hydrogens does each of the...Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 3P Ch. 22.3 - Write the complete mechanism for the deuteration...Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 22.4 - If methanol rather than water is added at the end...Ch. 22.5 - Prob. 7P Ch. 22.5 - Draw a resonance structure of the acetonitrile...Ch. 22.6 - If methanol rather than water is added at the end...Ch. 22.7 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that aldehydes and ketones do not get brominated at the -position when treated with Br 2 in acetic acid.

c)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetoacetic ester synthesis can be used to prepare methyl ketones. Carboxylic acids can be prepared by malonic ester synthesis.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route shown?

Chapter 22 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that aldehydes and ketones do not get brominated at the -position when treated with Br 2 in acetic acid.

c) Interpretation: What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated. Concept introduction: Acetoacetic ester synthesis can be used to prepare methyl ketones. Carboxylic acids can be prepared by malonic ester synthesis. To state: What is wrong with the synthetic route shown?

Chapter 22 Solutions

c)

Interpretation:

What is wrong with the synthetic route given is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetoacetic ester synthesis can be used to prepare methyl ketones. Carboxylic acids can be prepared by malonic ester synthesis.

To state:

What is wrong with the synthetic route shown?