a) Interpretation: Whether the ketone obtained by the decarboxylation of the optically active Î²- keto acid will be optically active or not is to be stated. A mechanism to explain the formation of the ketone is to be proposed. Concept introduction: The decarboxylation of a Î²- keto acid takes place through the formation of a planar enol intermediate which then tautomerizes to the keto form. If the Î²- keto acid is optically active and if the chiral centre is involved in the reaction, the ketone product will be racemic and optically inactive. If the chiral centre is not involved in the reaction then the optical activity is retained in the ketone product. To state: Whether the ketone obtained by the decarboxylation of the optically active Î²- keto acid will be optically active or not. To propose: A mechanism to explain the formation of the ketone.

Question

5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 22.SE, Problem 23MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

Whether the ketone obtained by the decarboxylation of the optically active Î²- keto acid will be optically active or not is to be stated. A mechanism to explain the formation of the ketone is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The decarboxylation of a Î²- keto acid takes place through the formation of a planar enol intermediate which then tautomerizes to the keto form. If the Î²- keto acid is optically active and if the chiral centre is involved in the reaction, the ketone product will be racemic and optically inactive. If the chiral centre is not involved in the reaction then the optical activity is retained in the ketone product.

To state:

Whether the ketone obtained by the decarboxylation of the optically active Î²- keto acid will be optically active or not.

To propose:

A mechanism to explain the formation of the ketone.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

Whether the ketone obtained by the decarboxylation of the optically active Î²- keto acid will be optically active or not is to be stated. A mechanism to explain the formation of the ketone is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The decarboxylation of a Î²- keto acid takes place through the formation of a planar enol intermediate which then tautomerizes to the keto form. If the Î²- keto acid is optically active and if the chiral centre is involved in the reaction, the ketone product will be racemic and optically inactive. If the chiral centre is not involved in the reaction then the optical activity is retained in the ketone product.

To state:

Whether the ketone obtained by the decarboxylation of the optically active Î²- keto acid will be optically active or not.

To propose:

A mechanism to explain the formation of the ketone.

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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

Show work. don't give Ai generated solution. How many carbons and hydrogens are in the structure?

13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule depicted below. Bond B 2°C. +2°C. cleavage Bond A •CH3 + 26.← Cleavage 2°C. + Bond C +3°C• CH3 2C Cleavage E 2°C. 26. weakest bond Intact molecule Strongest 3°C 20. Gund Largest argest a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in appropriate boxes. C Weakest bond A Produces Most Bond Strongest Bond Strongest Gund produces least stable radicals Weakest Stable radical b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A, B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B, and C are all carbon radicals. i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. 13°C. formed in bound C cleavage ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. • CH3 methyl radical Formed in Gund A Cleavage c.…

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 22.SE, Problem 23MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

Whether the ketone obtained by the decarboxylation of the optically active Î²- keto acid will be optically active or not is to be stated. A mechanism to explain the formation of the ketone is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The decarboxylation of a Î²- keto acid takes place through the formation of a planar enol intermediate which then tautomerizes to the keto form. If the Î²- keto acid is optically active and if the chiral centre is involved in the reaction, the ketone product will be racemic and optically inactive. If the chiral centre is not involved in the reaction then the optical activity is retained in the ketone product.

To state:

Whether the ketone obtained by the decarboxylation of the optically active Î²- keto acid will be optically active or not.

To propose:

A mechanism to explain the formation of the ketone.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

Whether the ketone obtained by the decarboxylation of the optically active Î²- keto acid will be optically active or not is to be stated. A mechanism to explain the formation of the ketone is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The decarboxylation of a Î²- keto acid takes place through the formation of a planar enol intermediate which then tautomerizes to the keto form. If the Î²- keto acid is optically active and if the chiral centre is involved in the reaction, the ketone product will be racemic and optically inactive. If the chiral centre is not involved in the reaction then the optical activity is retained in the ketone product.

To state:

Whether the ketone obtained by the decarboxylation of the optically active Î²- keto acid will be optically active or not.

To propose:

A mechanism to explain the formation of the ketone.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 22.SE, Problem 23MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

Whether the ketone obtained by the decarboxylation of the optically active Î²- keto acid will be optically active or not is to be stated. A mechanism to explain the formation of the ketone is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The decarboxylation of a Î²- keto acid takes place through the formation of a planar enol intermediate which then tautomerizes to the keto form. If the Î²- keto acid is optically active and if the chiral centre is involved in the reaction, the ketone product will be racemic and optically inactive. If the chiral centre is not involved in the reaction then the optical activity is retained in the ketone product.

To state:

Whether the ketone obtained by the decarboxylation of the optically active Î²- keto acid will be optically active or not.

To propose:

A mechanism to explain the formation of the ketone.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

Whether the ketone obtained by the decarboxylation of the optically active Î²- keto acid will be optically active or not is to be stated. A mechanism to explain the formation of the ketone is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The decarboxylation of a Î²- keto acid takes place through the formation of a planar enol intermediate which then tautomerizes to the keto form. If the Î²- keto acid is optically active and if the chiral centre is involved in the reaction, the ketone product will be racemic and optically inactive. If the chiral centre is not involved in the reaction then the optical activity is retained in the ketone product.

To state:

Whether the ketone obtained by the decarboxylation of the optically active Î²- keto acid will be optically active or not.

To propose:

A mechanism to explain the formation of the ketone.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 22.SE, Problem 23MP

Interpretation Introduction