a)
Interpretation:
Using an alkylation reaction as the key step how the compound shown can be prepared is to be given.
Concept introduction:
An alkylation reaction is used to introduce a methyl or a primary alkyl group in α- position of aTo give:
Using an alkylation reaction as the key step how to prepare the compound shown.
b)
Interpretation:
Using an alkylation reaction as the key step how the compound shown can be prepared.
Concept introduction:
An alkylation reaction is used to introduce a methyl or a primary alkyl group in α- position of a ketone, ester or nitrile by a SN2 reaction of the enolate ion with an alkyl halide. Thus by looking at α- carbon of the product the alkyl halide to be used in the reaction can be identified. The enolate ion can be produced by using lithium diisopropylamide (LDA).
To give:
Using an alkylation reaction as the key step how to prepare the compound shown.
c)
Interpretation:
Using an alkylation reaction as the key step how the compound shown can be prepared.
Concept introduction:
An alkylation reaction is used to introduce a methyl or a primary alkyl group in α- position of a ketone, ester or nitrile by aSN2reaction of the enolate ion with an alkyl halide. Thus by looking at α- carbon of the product the alkyl halide to be used in the reaction can be identified. The enolate ion can be produced by using lithium diisopropylamide (LDA).
To give:
Using an alkylation reaction as the key step how to prepare the compound shown.
d)
Interpretation:
Using an alkylation reaction as the key step how the compound shown can be prepared.
Concept introduction:
An alkylation reaction is used to introduce a methyl or a primary alkyl group in α- position of a ketone, ester or nitrile by a SN2 reaction of the enolate ion with an alkyl halide. Thus by looking at α- carbon of the product the alkyl halide to be used in the reaction can be identified. The enolate ion can be produced by using lithium diisopropylamide (LDA).
To give:
Using an alkylation reaction as the key step how to prepare the compound shown.
e)
Interpretation:
Using an alkylation reaction as the key step how the compound shown can be prepared.
Concept introduction:
An alkylation reaction is used to introduce a methyl or a primary alkyl group in α- position of a ketone, ester or nitrile by a SN2 reaction of the enolate ion with an alkyl halide. Thus by looking at α- carbon of the product the alkyl halide to be used in the reaction can be identified. The enolate ion can be produced by using lithium diisopropylamide (LDA).
To give:
Using an alkylation reaction as the key step how to prepare the compound shown.
f)
Interpretation:
Using an alkylation reaction as the key step how the compound shown can be prepared.
Concept introduction:
An alkylation reaction is used to introduce a methyl or a primary alkyl group in α- position of a ketone, ester or nitrile by a SN2 reaction of the enolate ion with an alkyl halide. Thus by looking at α- carbon of the product the alkyl halide to be used in the reaction can be identified. The enolate ion can be produced by using lithium diisopropylamide (LDA).
To give:
Using an alkylation reaction as the key step how to prepare the compound shown.

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Chapter 22 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY W/OWL
- In the drawing area below, draw the condensed structures of formic acid and ethyl formate. You can draw the two molecules in any arrangement you like, so long as they don't touch. Click anywhere to draw the first atom of your structure. A C narrow_forwardWrite the complete common (not IUPAC) name of each molecule below. Note: if a molecule is one of a pair of enantiomers, be sure you start its name with D- or L- so we know which enantiomer it is. molecule Ο C=O common name (not the IUPAC name) H ☐ H3N CH₂OH 0- C=O H NH3 CH₂SH H3N ☐ ☐ X Garrow_forward(Part A) Provide structures of the FGI products and missing reagents (dashed box) 1 eq Na* H* H -H B1 B4 R1 H2 (gas) Lindlar's catalyst A1 Br2 MeOH H2 (gas) Lindlar's catalyst MeO. OMe C6H1402 B2 B3 A1 Product carbons' origins Draw a box around product C's that came from A1. Draw a dashed box around product C's that came from B1.arrow_forward
- Classify each of the amino acids below. Note for advanced students: none of these amino acids are found in normal proteins. X CH2 H3N-CH-COOH3N-CH-COO- H3N-CH-COO CH2 CH3-C-CH3 CH2 NH3 N NH (Choose one) ▼ (Choose one) S CH2 OH (Choose one) ▼ + H3N-CH-COO¯ CH2 H3N CH COO H3N-CH-COO CH2 오오 CH CH3 CH2 + O C CH3 O= O_ (Choose one) (Choose one) ▼ (Choose one) Garrow_forwardAnother standard reference electrode is the standard calomel electrode: Hg2Cl2(s) (calomel) + 2e2 Hg() +2 Cl(aq) This electrode is usually constructed with saturated KCI to keep the Cl- concentration constant (similar to what we discussed with the Ag-AgCl electrode). Under these conditions the potential of this half-cell is 0.241 V. A measurement was taken by dipping a Cu wire and a saturated calomel electrode into a CuSO4 solution: saturated calomel electrode potentiometer copper wire CuSO4 a) Write the half reaction for the Cu electrode. b) Write the Nernst equation for the Cu electrode, which will include [Cu2+] c) If the voltage on the potentiometer reads 0.068 V, solve for [Cu²+].arrow_forward2. (Part B). Identify a sequence of FGI that prepares the Synthesis Target 2,4-dimethoxy- pentane. All carbons in the Synthesis Target must start as carbons in either ethyne, propyne or methanol. Hint: use your analysis of Product carbons' origins (Part A) to identify possible structure(s) of a precursor that can be converted to the Synthesis Target using one FGI. All carbons in the Synthesis Target must start as carbons in one of the three compounds below. H = -H H = -Me ethyne propyne Synthesis Target 2,4-dimethoxypentane MeOH methanol OMe OMe MeO. OMe C₂H₁₂O₂ Product carbons' origins Draw a box around product C's that came from A1. Draw a dashed box around product C's that came from B1.arrow_forward
- Draw the skeletal ("line") structure of the smallest organic molecule that produces potassium 3-hydroxypropanoate when reacted with KOH. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Sarrow_forwardDraw the skeleatal strucarrow_forward← Problem 14 of 31 Submit Draw the major product for this reaction. Ignore inorganic byproducts. 1. BH3-THF 2. H2O2, NaOHarrow_forward
- Classify each amino acid below as nonpolar, polar neutral, polar acidic, or polar basic.arrow_forwarddraw skeletal structures for the minor products of the reaction.arrow_forward1. Provide missing starting materials, reagents, products. If a product cannot be made, write NP (not possible) in the starting material box. C7H12O Ph HO H 1) 03-78 C 2) Me₂S + Ph .H OH + 2nd stereoisomer OH Ph D + enantiomer cat OsO 4 NMO H2O acetonearrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning

