A mechanism for the conjugate addition of a nucleophile to acrylonitrile and to nitroethylene has to be proposed with the help of resonance forms. Concept introduction: Standard nucleophilic addition to a carbonyl group is 1 , 2 -addition. In the first step, nucleophile adds to carbonyl group to give alkoxide. Then, protonation of alkoxide takes place. 1 , 4 -addition is Michael addition. The nucleophile adds to beta carbon of α , β -unsaturated system to give enolate ion followed by protonation at oxygen to give an enol or on carbon to give a keto form.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 22.18, Problem 22.55P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the conjugate addition of a nucleophile to acrylonitrile and to nitroethylene has to be proposed with the help of resonance forms.

Concept introduction:

Standard nucleophilic addition to a carbonyl group is 1,2-addition. In the first step, nucleophile adds to carbonyl group to give alkoxide. Then, protonation of alkoxide takes place. 1,4-addition is Michael addition. The nucleophile adds to beta carbon of α,β-unsaturated system to give enolate ion followed by protonation at oxygen to give an enol or on carbon to give a keto form.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 22.18, Problem 22.55P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the conjugate addition of a nucleophile to acrylonitrile and to nitroethylene has to be proposed with the help of resonance forms.

Concept introduction:

Standard nucleophilic addition to a carbonyl group is 1,2-addition. In the first step, nucleophile adds to carbonyl group to give alkoxide. Then, protonation of alkoxide takes place. 1,4-addition is Michael addition. The nucleophile adds to beta carbon of α,β-unsaturated system to give enolate ion followed by protonation at oxygen to give an enol or on carbon to give a keto form.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 22.18, Problem 22.55P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the conjugate addition of a nucleophile to acrylonitrile and to nitroethylene has to be proposed with the help of resonance forms.

Concept introduction:

Standard nucleophilic addition to a carbonyl group is 1,2-addition. In the first step, nucleophile adds to carbonyl group to give alkoxide. Then, protonation of alkoxide takes place. 1,4-addition is Michael addition. The nucleophile adds to beta carbon of α,β-unsaturated system to give enolate ion followed by protonation at oxygen to give an enol or on carbon to give a keto form.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 22.18, Problem 22.55P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the conjugate addition of a nucleophile to acrylonitrile and to nitroethylene has to be proposed with the help of resonance forms.

Concept introduction:

Standard nucleophilic addition to a carbonyl group is 1,2-addition. In the first step, nucleophile adds to carbonyl group to give alkoxide. Then, protonation of alkoxide takes place. 1,4-addition is Michael addition. The nucleophile adds to beta carbon of α,β-unsaturated system to give enolate ion followed by protonation at oxygen to give an enol or on carbon to give a keto form.

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Answer 5

Chapter 22.18, Problem 22.55P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the conjugate addition of a nucleophile to acrylonitrile and to nitroethylene has to be proposed with the help of resonance forms.

Concept introduction:

Standard nucleophilic addition to a carbonyl group is 1,2-addition. In the first step, nucleophile adds to carbonyl group to give alkoxide. Then, protonation of alkoxide takes place. 1,4-addition is Michael addition. The nucleophile adds to beta carbon of α,β-unsaturated system to give enolate ion followed by protonation at oxygen to give an enol or on carbon to give a keto form.

Answer 6

Chapter 22.18, Problem 22.55P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the conjugate addition of a nucleophile to acrylonitrile and to nitroethylene has to be proposed with the help of resonance forms.

Concept introduction:

Standard nucleophilic addition to a carbonyl group is 1,2-addition. In the first step, nucleophile adds to carbonyl group to give alkoxide. Then, protonation of alkoxide takes place. 1,4-addition is Michael addition. The nucleophile adds to beta carbon of α,β-unsaturated system to give enolate ion followed by protonation at oxygen to give an enol or on carbon to give a keto form.

Answer 7

Chapter 22.18, Problem 22.55P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the conjugate addition of a nucleophile to acrylonitrile and to nitroethylene has to be proposed with the help of resonance forms.

Concept introduction:

Standard nucleophilic addition to a carbonyl group is 1,2-addition. In the first step, nucleophile adds to carbonyl group to give alkoxide. Then, protonation of alkoxide takes place. 1,4-addition is Michael addition. The nucleophile adds to beta carbon of α,β-unsaturated system to give enolate ion followed by protonation at oxygen to give an enol or on carbon to give a keto form.

Answer 8

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Answer 11

Ch. 22.2A - Prob. 22.2P Ch. 22.4 - Without looking back, propose a mechanism for the...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 22.8P Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 22.9P Ch. 22.5A - Prob. 22.10P Ch. 22.5A - Prob. 22.11P Ch. 22.5B - Prob. 22.12P Ch. 22.5B - Predict the products of the following reactions....Ch. 22.5B - Which compounds will give positive iodoform tests?...Ch. 22.5C - Propose a mechanism for the acid-catalyzed...

Solution Summary: The author explains the mechanism for the conjugate addition of a nucleophile to acrylonitrile and nitroethylene with the help of resonance forms.

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