Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042435
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 22, Problem 7AWK
Summary Introduction
To review
The causes of extinction and if humans are one of them.
Introduction:
Extinction means that a life-form dies out completely. Throughout the evolutionary history of the earth, major catastrophic events have sometimes wiped out whole groups of species regardless of fitness. Climate changes, volcanic activity, the actions of oxygen-producing organisms, changes in carbon dioxide concentration, asteroid impacts, have all lead to the extinction of species.
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Increases in species diversity arise because of
A)increases in the rate of speciation.
B)decreases in the rate of extinction.
C)higher rates of speciation than extinction.
D)All of the above
The rates of extinction since the origin of life have followed which pattern?
A)Gradual decrease
B)Gradual increase
C)No change
D)Several episodes of mass extinctions, with much lower rates of fluctuating extinctions in between
Which of the following statements about the outcome of the evolution of a new species through hybridization is false?
A)The new species is always an intermediate of the two parent species.
B)The new species may have traits that allow it to inhabit environments different from both parental species.
C)The new species may have greater genetic diversity and therefore greater trait diversity than the parental species.
D)All of the above
How can ecological processes influence the evolution of a population?
A)Ecological…
What are some of the hypothesized causes of Earth’s biggest mass extinctions?
Scientists are examining the possible role of a large asteroid in the Cretaceous mass
extinction event. A large asteroid strike would likely have caused rapid climate cooling and
diffusion of sunlight.
Which of the following statements are the best null and alternative hypotheses when
scientists look at the geologic evidence of extinction related to the asteroid strike?
Null: The rate of extinction would be steady over the entire length of time the climate was
altered. Alternative: The rate of extinction would be greatest immediately before the
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Null: The rate of extinction would gradually decrease over the entire length of time the climate
was altered. Alternative: The rate of extinction would be at its lowest immediately after the
asteroid strike.
Null: The rate of extinction would be steady over the entire length of time the climate was
altered. Alternative: The rate of extinction would be greatest immediately after the asteroid
strike.
Null: The rate of extinction…
Chapter 22 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 22 - Do you think the skeletons of Liang Bua Cave...Ch. 22 - Is it important that we try to discover the...Ch. 22 - Describe the three key elements of evolution.Ch. 22 - Explain how a fossil is created.Ch. 22 - List some of the main sources of evidence for...Ch. 22 - Prob. 4CRCh. 22 - Prob. 5CRCh. 22 - Prob. 6CRCh. 22 - Explain how rising atmospheric concentrations of...Ch. 22 - List the features that make Hominidae different...
Ch. 22 -
9. Describe the origins of Homo sapiens.
Ch. 22 - Explain why racial differences may disappear...Ch. 22 - Prob. 1TYCh. 22 - Prob. 2TYCh. 22 - Prob. 3TYCh. 22 - Vestigial structures, homologous structures, and...Ch. 22 -
5. Which of the following statements about...Ch. 22 - Which of the following best describes evolutionary...Ch. 22 - Prob. 7TYCh. 22 - Genetic drift is most likely to affect: a. every...Ch. 22 -
9. Which of the following would be described as...Ch. 22 - Which of the following statements is true? a. Mass...Ch. 22 - In what order did events occur that led to life on...Ch. 22 - Prob. 12TYCh. 22 -
13. Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 14TYCh. 22 - Which of the following is not believed to be a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 1AWKCh. 22 - Prob. 2AWKCh. 22 - Critics of evolution often charge, correctly as it...Ch. 22 - Prob. 4AWKCh. 22 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 22 - It is believed that humans evolved in Africa and...Ch. 22 - Prob. 7AWKCh. 22 - Of all the great evolutionary advances of life on...
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- If extinction is a natural part of life on Earth, why should we care about protectingendangered species Explainarrow_forwardWe have looked at what the fossil record can tell us about the amazing History of Life on Earth. We've examined the evidence for an early origin for life in the sea, 3800 million years, and investigated how life invaded life about 500 million years. We've also discussed the subsequent boom in life that massively increased biodiversity but also noted how the History of Life is frequently punctuated by mass extinctions. Today we stand on the threshold of a new mass extinction event. The biodiversity that we take for granted and that sustains humans is threatened to a degree only rarely seen in 4500 million years of Earth History. NOW TO CONCLUDE, ANSWER THE QUESTION. 1. ARE WE ON THE BRINK OF A MASS EXTINCTION? WHAT WOULD BE THE CONSEQUENCES FOR SOCIETY OF LOSING HALF OF ALL SPECIES BY 2100? ARE THERE ACTIONS THAT WE CAN TAKE AS INDIVIDUALS AND AS SOCIETY TO HELP PROTECT LIFE ON EARTH?arrow_forwardWhat are the five mass extinctions of the past and the current theory of the sixth mass extinction? For each extinctions, what caused the extinction and how was ecosystem stability impacted? Was there any speciation that occurred afterward?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about extinction is not correct? (a) extinction is the permanent loss of a species (b) extinction is a natural biological process (c) once a species is extinct, it never reappears (d) human activities have little impact on extinctions (e) thousands of plant and animal species are currently threatened with extinctionarrow_forwardIn the past, which factor would have caused a mass extinction of species?arrow_forwardAnswer these questions A) State other factors that cause extinction B) Why organisms found on islands are more vulnerable to extinction than other organisms? C) How extinction can be prevented?arrow_forward
- Why do you suppose there are so many endemic species—that is, species found nowhere else—on islands? Why have the overwhelming majority of recent extinctions occurred on islands?arrow_forwardplease explain A drawback of the time hypothesis to explain the variation in species richness is that 1. Cannot account for algal diversity. 2. Fossils do not preserve well in the oceans. 3. Geological activity may interfere with species richness measurements. 4. It is not applicable to marine ecosystems because there was no glaciation in oceans. 5. Humans significantly modified marine environments.arrow_forwardScientists are examining the possible role of a large asteroid in the cretaceous mass extinction event. A large asteroid strike would likely have caused rapid climate cooling and the diffusion of sunlight. which of the following statements are the best null and alternative hypotheses when scientists look at the geologic evidence of extinction related to the asteroid strike?arrow_forward
- 1) The very high levels of Iridium at the KT boundary was confirmed in different parts of the world and supported an already existing hypothesis, a supernova had caused the extinction. How was this hypothesis tested? • Scientists looked for planetary evidence of a supernova • Scientists ruled out all the other hypothesis and only the supernova was left • Scientists tested the amount of plutonium in the KT boundary • Scientists studied craters from ancient asteroids 2) How was community feedback important in developing the asteroid hypothesis? • Working alone allowed Walter to remain unbiased • Scientists working together were able to prove all the alternate hypotheses wrong • Scientists collected multiple lines of evidence from different fields to support the hypothesis • Other scientists were able to disprove the asteroid hypotheses 3) The evidence that an asteroid did hit earth at the KT boundary is strong. But did it cause extinction of the dinosaurs? What additional hypotheses are…arrow_forwardWhy is it hard to create a timeline of events chronicling Earth’s History?arrow_forwardThe Permian extinction, which was the second most recent mass extinction, occurred about 251 million years ago. What is the leading hypothesis to explain the Permian extenction? An asteroid about 6 km in diameter collided with Earth, which vaporized the caribbean ocean, set fire to north and south America, and expelled enough dust into the atmosphere to block the sun enough to result in a winter like environment all across the globe for several years The Indian sub-continent collided with the Asian techtonic plate, giving rise to the Hymalayan mountains which altered the jet stream and caused the planet to enter an ice age Massive amounts of volcanic activity released tons of CO2, enough to significantly increase the temperature of the planet A new group of predators evolved that were significantly better at capturing prey, to the point that they drove many species (including other predators and eventually themselves) to extinctionarrow_forward
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