Bio 121 Campbell Biology Truman College
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781323670637
Author: Urry, Cain
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 22, Problem 5TYU
DNA sequences in manv human genes are very similar lo the sequences of corresponding genes in chimpanzees. The most likely explanation for this result is that
- (A) humans and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor.
- (B) humans evolved from chimpanzees.
- (C) chimpanzees evolved from humans.
- (D) convergent evolution led to the DNA similarlties.
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Cat DNA is much more similar to dog DNA than to tortoise DNA. Why? (a) Cats and dogs are both carnivores and take in similar nutrients. (b) Cats and dogs have lived together with humans for a long period of time, so they have grown more similar. (c) Cats and dogs have more offspring during their lifetime than tortoises have, so their DNA changes less rapidly. (d) Cats and dogs have a common ancestor that is more recent than the common ancestor of cats and tortoises.
Homology can be defined as the presence of common structures because of shared ancestry. Homology can involve genes, proteins, or anatomical structures. As a result of “descent with modification,” many homologous structures have adapted different purposes. (a) List three anatomical structures in vertebrates that are homologous but have different functions. (b) Is it likely that homologous proteins from different species have the same or similar functions? Explain. (c) Under what circumstances might one expect proteins of similar function to not share homology? Would you expect such proteins to be homologous at the level of DNA sequences?
Once nuclear DNA sequencing became fast and able to handle sequencing ancient DNA, living humans were found to have some Neanderthal genes. Is this finding clear evidence that some early modern humans did indeed hybridize with Neanderthals? Why?
Chapter 22 Solutions
Bio 121 Campbell Biology Truman College
Ch. 22.1 - How did Hutton's and Lyell's ideas influence...Ch. 22.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Scientific hypotheses must be...Ch. 22.2 - How does the concept of descent with modification...Ch. 22.2 - WHAT IF? If you discovered a fossil of an extinct...Ch. 22.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the relationship between...Ch. 22.3 - Explain how the following Statement is inaccurate:...Ch. 22.3 - How does evolution account for (a) the similar...Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 22 - Why was the age of Barth important for Darwin's...Ch. 22 - Describe how overreproduction and heritable...
Ch. 22 - Summarize the different lines of evidence...Ch. 22 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. Which of the...Ch. 22 - Which of the following observations helped Darwin...Ch. 22 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 22 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 22 - DNA sequences in manv human genes are very similar...Ch. 22 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Explain why anatomical and...Ch. 22 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT Mosquitoes resistant...Ch. 22 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Write a Short...Ch. 22 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This honeypot ant (genus...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Why are human and chimpanzee DNA 96 percent similar? Please choose the best option.a) Both groups show similarities in their fossil record.b) Humans and chimpanzees share several similar traits such as the use of tools.c) These two species descended from a recent common ancestor.d) Natural selection has favored those particular genes in both humans and chimpanzees.arrow_forward8) Each of the observations provides evidence that supports the idea of common ancestry and evolution. Which one is from the field of molecular biology? A) Mammals have two openings in the skull behind each eye socket, whereas reptiles and bird only have one opening. B) DNA analysis shows that the DNA of Neanderthals is more similar to the DNA of non‑African humans than that of Africans. C) Two closely related but distinct species of squirrels inhabit the north and south rims of the Grand Canyon. D) The embryos of both birds and mammals divide in a radial cleavage pattern instead of a spiral cleavage pattern present in insects.arrow_forward. The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similarskeletal structures, whereas the corresponding bones inwhales have very different shapes and proportions. However,genetic data suggest that all three kinds of organisms divergedfrom a common ancestor at about the same time. Which ofthe following is the most likely explanation for these data?(A) Forelimb evolution was adaptive in people and bats, butnot in whales.(B) Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted insignificant changes to whale forelimb anatomy.(C) Genes mutate faster in whales than in humans or bats.(D) Whales are not properly classified as mammals.arrow_forward
- (a) Why can there be multiple codons for an amino acid? Why would this have evolved? (b) What is the advantage of Illumina Next Generation Sequencing?arrow_forwardWhen I first studied hominin evolution, they had found "Lucy", an Australopithecus afarensis, and everyone thought her species was an early ancestor of Homo sapien. The picture is much more complicated, with lots of hominins living in close proximity for millions of years...much different than our now singular species. Look at the phylogenetic tree and use it as a guide to briefly describe hominin lines in Africa up to Homo. Do not discuss Homo.Just discuss a sense that you generally can grasp what was going on in Africa with our Genus for 6 or 7 million years!arrow_forward. a. If you found a zinc-finger domain (which facilitates DNA binding) in a newly identified gene,what kinds of hypotheses could you make aboutthe gene’s function?b. Suppose that this newly identified gene shares ahigh percentage of similarity throughout its lengthwith a previously characterized gene in the sameorganism. What does this fact suggest about the origin of the two genes? Would you categorize thesegenes as being: (i) homologous, (ii) paralogous, or(iii) orthologous? (More than one answer may apply.)arrow_forward
- The genome size of humans and chimpanzees are both approximately 3 billion base pairs, sharing about 96% identical sequences. The 4% difference in their genomes is most likely the result of natural selection selecting for different sequences for adapting to different habitats. a)True b)Falsearrow_forward"According to this tree, turtles are more closely related to mammals than to birds." This statement is… ... FALSE because turtles are much more primitive than mammals. ... TRUE because turtles are closer to mammals in the tree. ... TRUE because the ancestor of turtles (W) is connected to the ancestor of mammals (N) whereas the ancestor of birds (P) is separated by one ancestor (C). ... TRUE because turtles share common ancestor W with mammals. ... FALSE because turtles share a more recent common ancestor with birds than with mammals.arrow_forwardIf a sequence from another species showed a 96 percent sequence similarity to humans, would that species be more or less closely related to humans than chimpanzees are?arrow_forward
- A) Humans evolved from fish but fish have flimsy fins. b) Humans and chimps share 98.77 percent of their DNA but we are pretty darn different. c) If humans came from apes, why are there still apes?arrow_forwardSuppose that the sequences of two proteins each consisting of 200 amino acids are aligned and that the percentage of identical residues has been calculated. How would you interpret each of the following results in regard to the possible divergence of the two proteins from a common ancestor? (a) 80% (b) 50% (c) 20% (d) 10%arrow_forwardWhen two organisms are very distantly related in an evolutionary sense, (a) they should have extremely similar embryonic development. (b) they must share a very recent common ancestor. (c) the sequences of DNA in their genes should be less similar (more different) than those of two more closely related organisms. (d) they should share more homologous traits than two more closely related organisms share.arrow_forward
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