Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The deficiency of pyruvate hydrogenase is characterized as neurological dysfunction. The reason for this statement should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Lactic acidosis is a medical condition, which is caused due to the buildup of lactate in the body. Excess of lactate in the blood also leads to low pH levels in the body. The signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis are discomfort, decreased appetite, diarrhea, and muscle pain.
(b)
Interpretation:
The reason for lactic acidosis should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Lactic acidosis is a medical condition, which is caused due to the buildup of lactate in the body. Excess of lactate in the blood also leads to low pH levels in the body. The signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis are discomfort, decreased appetite, diarrhea, and muscle pain.
(c)
Interpretation:
The reason for low-carbohydrate diet should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Lactic acidosis is a medical condition, which is caused due to the buildup of lactate in the body. Excess of lactate in the blood also leads to low pH levels in the body. The signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis are discomfort, decreased appetite, diarrhea, and muscle pain.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
BIOCHEMISTRY (LOOSELEAF)-W/ACCESS
- 17. Which one of the compounds below is the major organic product obtained from the following series of reactions? CI benzyl alcohol OH PBr3 Mg 1. CO2 SOCl2 ? ether 2. H+, H₂O CI Cl HO OH CI Cl A B C D Earrow_forward14. What is the IUPAC name of this compound? A) 6-hydroxy-4-oxohexanenitrile B) 5-cyano-3-oxo-1-pentanol C) 5-cyano-1-hydroxy-3-pentanone D) 1-cyano-5-hydroxy-3-pentanone E) 5-hydroxy-3-oxopentanenitrile HO. CNarrow_forward13. What is the IUPAC name of this compound? A) 5-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid B) 3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid C) 3,3-dimethyl-1-oxo-1,5-pentanediol D) 1,5-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylpentanal E) 4-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid HO OHarrow_forward
- Help me understand how carbon disulfide leads to toxicity in the brain, using terms like distal axonopathy, neurofilaments, covalent cross-linking, adducts, etc.,...please intuitively explain what is happening and where and the effects of it. For example, I know that CS2 reacts with amide and sulfhydryl groups on proteins, but what proteins exactly and where are they located?arrow_forwardWhat is the standard free energy change (in kJ/mole) of the spontaneous reaction between Oxygen and NADH to form H2O2 and NAD+?arrow_forwardRedox Chemistry: Give standard free energy changes expected for the following reactions:-Succinate -> fumarate (using FAD/FADH2)-Oxaloacetate -> Malate (using NAD/NADH)-NADH --> NAD+ (using FMN/FMNH2)-CoQ --> CoQH2 (using Cytochrome C)arrow_forward
- Give examples of balanced redox reactions that match the following:-Catabolic-Anabolic-Oxidative-Reductivearrow_forwardIf there are 20uM of a GLUT2 transporter on the surface of a cell, each able to move 8 per second, and 50mM glucose outside of the cell, what is the flux into the cell in mM/sec?arrow_forwardA transporter is responsible for antiporting calcium and glucose. The transporter brings glucose into the cell and sends calcium out of the cell. If blood [calcium] = 2.55mM and intracellular [calcium] = 7uM, blood [glucose] = 5.2mM, and intracellular [glucose] = 40uM, what is the free energy of transport? Assume a membrane potential of 62mV (negative inside).arrow_forward
- An ATP-coupled transporter is used to import 1 phosphate from the extracellular environment. Intracellular phosphate exists at 65mM, while it is 2mM outside.Assume a free energy change of ATP hydrolysis of -42.7 kJ/mol. What is the net free energy change of the coupled reaction? Assume a membrane potential of 70mV.arrow_forwardAnother transporter brings 3 chloride ions into the cell. Outside, chloride has a concentration of 107mM, and 4mM inside the cell. Assuming a membrane potential of 62mV (negative inside), what is the free energy of transport of these ions?arrow_forwardFor the Oxaloacetate -> Malate reaction, assume the normal ratio of NAD/NADH, what is the maximum ratio of Malate/Oxaloacetate that will allow reaction progress?arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Nutrition Through The Life CycleHealth & NutritionISBN:9781337919333Author:Brown, Judith E.Publisher:Cengage Learning,Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
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