Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 22, Problem 4P
Two different groups of scientists studying a rare trait in ground squirrels report very different heritabilities. What factors influencing heritability values make it possible for both conclusions to be correct?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following choices accurately describe what makes one person different from another with regard to traits (such as height) that have a very high heritability?
Choose all that apply
a) What makes us different is not that we have different genes, but that we have different alleles of many of those genes
b) What makes us different from each other is that we have different genes from each other
c) Random factors during development is the most significant causes of differences between people
d) Most of us have exactly the same genes and alleles, and it’s the environment we were raised in that makes us different
e) None of the other choices are accurate
Two different groups of scientists studying a rare traitin ground squirrels report very different heritabilities.What factors influencing heritability values make itpossible for both conclusions to be correct?
A researcher counts the seeds produced by 100 wild plants growing on a roadside and finds the mean to be 55 and the variance to be 16. She then uses cuttings from one plant to produce clonal populations, which she then grows on a new roadside (in environmentally variable conditions). From this new clonal population she finds the mean to be 50 and the variance to be 2. What is the broad sense heritability? answer to two decimal places
Chapter 22 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 22 - Choose the best matching phrase in the right...Ch. 22 - Suppose you grew genetically identical dandelion...Ch. 22 - How can each of the following be used in...Ch. 22 - Two different groups of scientists studying a rare...Ch. 22 - Which of the following statements would be true of...Ch. 22 - Studies have indicated that for pairs of twins...Ch. 22 - Prob. 7PCh. 22 - Prob. 8PCh. 22 - Table 22.2 lists concordance values for MZ and DZ...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 22 - Prob. 11PCh. 22 - Two alleles at one locus produce three distinct...Ch. 22 - In a certain plant, leaf size is determined by...Ch. 22 - Compare and contrast the use of SNP genotyping: i...Ch. 22 - Explain the similarities and differences between...Ch. 22 - In Fig. 22.14c, the fw2.2 causal gene was...Ch. 22 - Among the most prevalent pathologies that afflict...Ch. 22 - Human geneticists have found the Finnish...Ch. 22 - Canavan disease, caused by homozygosity for a...Ch. 22 - In GWAS analysis, because of the existence of LD...Ch. 22 - In Fig. 22.15: a. Why do some chromosomes in the...Ch. 22 - Consider the triangle diagram shown in Fig. 22.17....Ch. 22 - Prob. 23PCh. 22 - You conduct a Case/Control study comparing the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 25PCh. 22 - ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rare, fatal...Ch. 22 - Through GWAS explorations, scientists have...Ch. 22 - In domesticated dogs, size has a high...Ch. 22 - Suppose a GWAS investigation found a particular LD...Ch. 22 - In 2008, Time magazine named as its invention of...
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- Why are monozygotic twins who are reared apart so useful in the calculation of heritability?arrow_forwardIn the following table, average differences of height, weight,and fingerprint ridge count between monozygotic twins (rearedtogether and apart), dizygotic twins, and nontwin siblings arecompared: Based on the data in this table, which of these quantitative traitshas the highest heritability values?arrow_forwardLast summer you were walking in the woods when you stumbled upon a group of four tiny baby squirrels. You noticed that they all had different tail lengths. Curious, you decided to measure the tail lengths of the four squirrels. Their tail lengths were found to be: 30 mm, 38 mm, 32 mm, and 28 mm. The heritability for tails in squirrels is 0.33. (This is a fraction, not percent.) What is the variance due to the difference in environment (VE)? Round to two decimals and do not include units.arrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes the broad-sense heritability of a trait? Variance in the trait that is due to genetic effects (VG) The proportion of phenotype variance that is due to genetic effects (VG/Vp) The proportion of phenotype variance that is due to genetic effects (Vp - VG) The proportion of phenotype variance that is not due to genetic effects (Vp- VE) the degree to which genes influencing a trait are passed from offspring to parents Toarrow_forwardMany researchers have estimated the heritability of human traits by comparing the correlation coefficients of monozygotic and dizygotic twins (see pp. 731–732). One of the assumptions made in using this method is that monozygotic twin pairs experience environments that are no more similar to each other than those experienced by dizygotic twin pairs. How might this assumption be violated? Give some specific examples of how the environments of two monozygotic twins might be more similar than the environments of two dizygotic twins.arrow_forwardYou have just started working in a field research laboratory focused on a species of Redtailed Hawks. They have been trying to understand the heritability of wingspan in this species. They’ve studied them in 2 different contexts. In the wild, and in an indoor enclosure that is temperature controlled and provides them with a standardized diet, eliminating environmental variance. In the wild, the total variance was determined to be 24 inches. In the enclosure, total variance between subjects was found to be 8 inches.In the enclosure, what is the VEnvironmental They ask you to figure out what the VEnvironmental (environmental variance) is for the hawks in the wild. (Hint: First identify Vgenetic in the enclosure. What is the heritability of wingspan in the wild?arrow_forward
- You have just started working in a field research laboratory focused on a species of Redtailed Hawks. They have been trying to understand the heritability of wingspan in this species. They've studied them in 2 different contexts. In the wild, and in an indoor enclosure that is temperature controlled and provides them with a standardized diet, eliminating environmental variance. In the wild, the total variance was determined to be 24 inches. In the enclosure, total variance between subjects was found to be 8 inches. In the enclosure, what is the VEnvironmental VTotal = VGenetic + %3D Environmental H? = VGenetic/ VTotal %3Darrow_forwardThis lab exercise requires that we count certain Mendelian traits among students present in the lab. Your professor will explain each trait being addressed and will then ask students to identify if they are dominant or recessive for that specific trait. The collected traits will then be plugged into the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium formula in order to calculate frequency of Homozygous dominant, Heterozygous and Homozygous recessive individuals in the same. p2 + 2pq + q2 = 100 given data: trait: hair swirl 19 individuals total. 10 had the homozygous dominant hair swirl trait: clockwise the nine other were recessive please do a step by step explanation with the calculation using this data, as I am very unfamiliar with what values mean what and the equation itself thank you!arrow_forwardSevere forms of COVID-19 appear to be more frequent in individuals carrying specific genetic variants. Such variants are found in at least four different loci in the genome. What do you expect this to mean in terms of heritability of susceptibility to severe COVID-19? Group of answer choices Nothing can be said about heritability Heritability could be 0 or 0.25 Heritability is 1 Heritability is greater than 0 Heritability is 0.25 Heritability is greater than 0.25arrow_forward
- Which of these definitions of heritability is most correct? a)The total amount of phenotypic variation in a population. b) The total amount of genetic variation in a population. c) The proportion of phenotypic variation in a population that is due to genetic factors. d) The proportion of phenotypic variation in a population that is due to environmental factors.arrow_forwardWhat kind of test would best determine whether genotypic frequencies match the Hardy-Weinberg model? Group of answer choices Chi-square with three rows (homozygous dominant, heterozygous, homozygous recessive) Chi-square with two rows (dominant and recessive alleles) T-test between homozygous and heterozygous T-test between dominant and recessive allelesarrow_forwardWhat are the mean, variance, and standard deviationfor each trait in this flock?arrow_forward
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