To determine: The number of electrons in a fluorine atom.
Concept introduction: The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of its atoms. In a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is equal. Thus, the number of electrons present in a neutral atom is equal to its atomic number.
To determine: The number of shells in a fluorine atom.
Concept introduction: The electrons in an atom present around the nucleus are in constant motion. An electronic shell represents the energy levels and the average distance at which electrons orbit around the nucleus. Simplified diagrams of atoms show the electrons arranged in electronic shells as concentric rings around the nucleus. In an atom, the first shell can contain only two electrons, whereas the second shell can have a total of 8 electrons.
To list: The names of orbitals occupied by electrons in a fluorine atom.
Concept introduction: Electronic shells can be subdivided into electronic orbitals. Each electronic orbital represents the three-dimensional volume around the nucleus where an electron is most likely to occur while orbiting around the nucleus. Each orbital can have two electrons. Thus, the number of electrons present in each shell depends on the number of orbitals in each shell. In an atom, the first shell has one orbital called 1s, thus it can contain only two electrons. The second shell has one spherical orbital called 2s, and three dumbbell shaped orbitals named 2p orbitals (Fig. 2). Thus, the second shell can have a total of 8 electrons.
To determine: The number of electrons needed to completely fill the valence shell of a fluorine atom.
Concept introduction: The outermost shell of an atom is called the valence shell, and the electrons present in it are called valence electrons.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 2 Solutions
Campbell Biology 11th Edition - Valuepack
- Selection of Traits What adaptations do scavengers have for locating and feeding on prey? What adaptations do predators have for capturing and consuming prey?arrow_forwardCompetition Between Species What natural processes limit populations from growing too large? What are some resources organisms can compete over in their natural habitat?arrow_forwardSpecies Interactions Explain how predators, prey and scavengers interact. Explain whether predators and scavengers are necessary or beneficial for an ecosystem.arrow_forward
- magine that you are conducting research on fruit type and seed dispersal. You submitted a paper to a peer-reviewed journal that addresses the factors that impact fruit type and seed dispersal mechanisms in plants of Central America. The editor of the journal communicates that your paper may be published if you make ‘minor revisions’ to the document. Describe two characteristics that you would expect in seeds that are dispersed by the wind. Contrast this with what you would expect for seeds that are gathered, buried or eaten by animals, and explain why they are different. (Editor’s note: Providing this information in your discussion will help readers to consider the significance of the research).arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between Uniporters, Symporters and Antiporters? Which of these are examples of active transport?arrow_forwardWhat are coupled transporters?arrow_forward
- How do histamine and prostaglandins help in the mobilization of leukocytes to an injury site? What are chemotactic factors? How do they affect inflammation process?arrow_forwardCompare and contrast neutrophils and macrophages. Describe two ways they are different and two ways they are similar.arrow_forwardDescribe the effects of three cytokines (not involved in the initial inflammation response). What cells release them?arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education