Chapter 22, Problem 22.80SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The group $3\text{A}$ element that best fits with the description; the most abundant element of the group should be determined.

Introduction:

The elements of group $3\text{A}$ are; boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium.

Abundant element can be found by using the Abundance in Earth’s crust as a mass percentage (mass %)

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The group $3\text{A}$ element that best fits with the description; stable in the $+1$ oxidation state should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The elements of group $3\text{A}$ are; boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium.

The valence electron configuration of group $3\text{A}$ elements in ${\text{ns}}^2{\text{np}}^1$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The group $3\text{A}$ element that best fits with the description; a semiconductor should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The elements of group $3\text{A}$ are; boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium.

The valence electron configuration of group $3\text{A}$ elements in ${\text{ns}}^2{\text{np}}^1$

Elements which have $3$ valence electrons are used in p-type doping in semiconductors.