The device shown in Figure CQ22.7, called a thermoelectric converter, uses a series of semiconductor cells to transform internal energy to electric potential energy, which we will study in Chapter 25. In the photograph on the left, both legs of the device are at the same temperature and no electric potential energy is produced. When one leg is at a higher temperature than the other as shown in the photograph on the right, however, electric potential energy is produced as the device extracts energy from the hot reservoir and drives a small electric motor. (a) Why is the difference in temperature necessary to produce electric potential energy in this demonstration? (b) In what sense does this intriguing experiment demonstrate the second law of
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update (No access codes included)
- The biggest drawback to extensive use of photovoltaic cells is they produce DC electricity. they don’t work well in cold climates. they are expensive to manufacture. they kill bats and birds. 2. Wind turbines are made to be very tall. This is because they are more stable when they are taller. the wind blows faster higher up. they are quieter the higher up they are. they are safer the higher up they are.arrow_forwardHow much energy does Hannah the Standard Poodle absorb from the sun during a 37-minute walk? Hannah’s fur is matte black, so she absorbs nearly all of the sunlight that hits her; from above, she looks approximately like a rectangle that is 92 cm long and 32 cm wide. The solar intensity in Hannah’s Orange County neighborhood is 1200 W/m2.arrow_forwardThe filament in a light bulb has a diameter of 0.02 mm and an emissivity of 1.0. The temperature of the filament is 3×1000°C. What should be the length of the filament in meters so it will radiate 60 W of power? The Stefan-Boltzmann constant is 5.670 × 10-8 W/m2 · K4. Please give your answer with 3 decimal places.arrow_forward
- An insulated beaker with negligible mass contains a mass of 0.300 kg of water at a temperature of 66.1°C. Take the specific heat for water to be 4190 J/kg - K the specific heat for ice to be 2100 J/kg · K and the heat of fusion for water to be 334 kJ/kg. Part A For related problem-solving tips and strategies, you may want to view a Video Tutor Solution of Changes in both temperature and phase. How many kilograms of ice at a temperature of -20.5°C must be dropped in the water to make the final temperature of the system 23.2°C? Express your answer in kilograms. ΑΣΦ ? Mice = kg Submit Previous Answers Request Answerarrow_forwardConsider the process shown in (Figure 1). Figure p (kPa) 400- 200- Screenshot 0 100 200 300 1 of 1 V (cm³) Part A How much work is done on the gas in this process? Express your answer with the appropriate units. - HÅ W = Submit Value Provide Feedback Request Answer Units **** ?arrow_forwardSTEP 2. In the previous activity you also considered a situation in which a person turned a generator, which in turn lit a bulb. The G/R diagram for this situation is shown below, with a dashed box showing a system consisting of the person, generator, bulb, light receivers and the surroundings. The appropriate values for energy transfers and changes are also shown. Increase in TE +40 J Increase in TE +16 J Increase Heat Interactions in TE Surroundings Energy 40 J +132.5 J Heat Interactions Person Surroundings Energy 16 J Energy 160 J Heat Interactions Generator (90%) Energy 132.5 J Surroundings Contact Push/Pull Energy Interaction 144 J Bulb Decrease in CPE (8%) Energy 11.5 J Electric Circuit -200 J Interaction Light Receivers Light Interaction Increase in energy +11.5 J For the example in STEP 1 we wrote this more general statement of conservation of energy. Let us check if it applies to this case also. Energy transferred into the system Total change in energy of the interacting…arrow_forward
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- 0.0056 mol of gas undergoes the process shown in (Figure 1). gure p (atm) 6 4- 2- 0+ 0 100 200 300 V (cm³) 1 of 1arrow_forwardWhy do we work at a temperature of 25°C. What happens if we increase the temperature ?arrow_forwardPresents the diagram of the problem, necessary formulas, clearance and numerical solution: A poorly designed electronic device has two screws attached to different parts of the device that almost touch each other inside. steel bolts and brass are at different electrical potentials and if they touch, a short circuit will develop will damage the device. The initial separation between the ends of the screws is 5 μm to 27 ◦C. At what temperature will the screws touch? Assume that the distance between the walls of the device is not affected by temperature change and the coefficient coefficients of linear expansion αlaton = 19x10−6 ◦C −1 and αsteel = 11x10−6 ◦C −1arrow_forward
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