To describe: The incidence of amenorrhea in female athletes compared to the general population.
Introduction: The cellular mechanisms regulating the physiological and biochemical responses to exercise are the same in both males and females. Some of the issues related to the female athletes are concerned with vigorous training, such as eating disorder, bone mineral disorder, and the menstrual cycle.

Explanation of Solution
The performance of female athletes is associated with a wide spectrum of menstrual dysfunction. The females that participate in sports have a high amenorrhea rate ranging from 12% to 69%. Amenorrhea is defined as the absence of three or more menses. The difference in the prevalence rate is related to variability in sports. However, in the general population, it is very less, ranging from 2%-5%.
Incidences of amenorrhea in female athletes are higher due to increased stress during training. This condition will result in changes in the availability of energy due to suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis called the functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA). This will cause the disruption of LH hormone reflecting the state of estrogen deficiency. The other physiological change may include the overactivity of PHA-axis.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
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