BIOLOGY 2E
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781506699851
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: XANEDU PUBLISHING
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 14RQ
Pseudopeptidoglycan is a characteristic of the walls of.
- eukaryotic cells
- bacterial prokaryotic cells
- archaean prokaryotic cells
- bacterial and archaean prokaryotic cells
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Label the structures of the prokaryotic cell. Not all terms will be used.
In the diagram below, identify the structures of a cyanobacterial cell based on the following descriptions:
a) Outer cellular covering which includes:
Mucilaginous layer – outermost layer covering the cell wall; protects the cell from harmful factors of the environment
Cell wall – found just below the mucilaginous layer; 2 or 3-layered, the inner layer lies in between the outer wall layer and plasma membrane; the outer layer is made of peptidoglycan
Innermost plasma membrane – selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm
b) Cytoplasm – found below the plasma membrane; the protoplasm which contains structures of different shapes and functions. Lamellae, which contain pigments such as chlorophylls, carotenes, xanthophylls, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin, are located in the peripheral region of cytoplasm. Ribosomes may also be found scattered in the cytoplasm.
c) Nucleic material – the nucleoplasm that is centrally located in the cell and contains chromatin in the form…
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Prokaryotes can live in many different environments. Anerobic organisms need oxygen to survive, while aerobic organisms can survive without oxygen. Autotrophs are organisms that can assemble high energy macromolecules for their energy. Chemotrophs are organisms that capture energy from light. Extremophiles are organisms that grow in extreme conditions like boiling water.
Gram-positive bacteria have few layers of peptidoglycan, while gram-negative bacteria have many layers of peptidoglycan and are surrounded by an outer membrane.
Harmful bacteria can cause illness like food poisoning. Helpful bacteria can be used in food production to make yogurt.
The endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in eukaryotes were once free living prokaryotes. This is supported by the mitochondria and cytoplasm since they have their own DNA and ribosomes.
Harmful protists can cause diseases like malaria in humans and downy mildew in plants. Helpful protists can be…
Chapter 22 Solutions
BIOLOGY 2E
Ch. 22 - Figure 22.8 Compared to free-floating bacteria,...Ch. 22 - Figure 22.16 Which of the following statements is...Ch. 22 - Figure 22.19 Which of the following statements...Ch. 22 - The first forms of life on Earth were thought to...Ch. 22 - Microbial mats. are the earliest forms of life on...Ch. 22 - The first organisms that oxygenated the atmosphere...Ch. 22 - Halophiles are organisms that require a salt...Ch. 22 - Many of the first prokaryotes to be cultured in a...Ch. 22 - The presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus is a...Ch. 22 - Which of the following consist of prokaryotic...
Ch. 22 - The cell wall is ___________ . interior to the...Ch. 22 - Organisms most likely to be found in extreme...Ch. 22 - Prokaryotes stain as Gram-positive or Gramnegative...Ch. 22 - Pseudopeptidoglycan is a characteristic of the...Ch. 22 - The lipopolysaccharide layer (LPS) is a...Ch. 22 - Which of the following elements is not a...Ch. 22 - Prokaryotes that obtain their energy from chemical...Ch. 22 - Ammonification is the process by which. ammonia is...Ch. 22 - Plants use carbon dioxide from the air and are...Ch. 22 - Cyanobacteria harness energy from the sun through...Ch. 22 - A disease that is constantly present in a...Ch. 22 - Which of the statements about biofilms is...Ch. 22 - Which of these statements is true? An antibiotic...Ch. 22 - A person in England arrives at a medical clinic...Ch. 22 - MRSA has emerged as a serious infectious disease,...Ch. 22 - Which of these occurs through symbiotic nitrogen...Ch. 22 - Synthetic compounds found in an organism but not...Ch. 22 - Bioremediation includes. the use of prokaryotes...Ch. 22 - In addition to providing yogurt with its unique...Ch. 22 - Describe briefly how you would detect the presence...Ch. 22 - Why do scientists believe that the first organisms...Ch. 22 - A new bacterial species is discovered and...Ch. 22 - Mention three differences between bacteria and...Ch. 22 - Explain the statement that both types, bacteria...Ch. 22 - A scientist isolates a new species of prokaryote...Ch. 22 - Think about the conditions (temperature, light,...Ch. 22 - Farmers continually rotate the crops grown in...Ch. 22 - Imagine a region of soil became contaminated,...Ch. 22 - Explain the reason why the imprudent and excessive...Ch. 22 - Researchers have discovered that washing spinach...Ch. 22 - Your friend believes that prokaryotes are always...Ch. 22 - Many people use antimicrobial soap to kill...
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- A prokaryote converts food energy into the chemical energy of ATP on/in its: chromosome. flagella. ribosomes. cell wall. plasma membrane.arrow_forwardWhat terms would describe a prokaryote that is covered thin peptidoglycan layer between two membranes, harnesses energy from the sun, and needs oxygen to survive? Aerobic Anaerobic Autotroph Heterotroph Extremophile Gram-positive Gram-negativarrow_forwardGram-negative bacteria are surrounded by two membrane bilayers separated by a space termed the periplasm. The periplasm is a multipurpose compartment separate from the cytoplasm. The periplasm has a distinct oxidizing environment that allow certain key protein structural features to be formed. Can you identify an amino acid(s) that would be affected by this oxidizing environment? How would it be affected, and what structural features would be sensitive to this environment? Can you discuss the implications of this from a standpoint of recombinant protein expression?arrow_forward
- What terms would describe a prokaryote that has is covered in a thick peptidoglycan layer, gets its energy from eating other prokaryotes, and does not need oxygen to survive? Aerobic Anaerobic Autotroph Heterotroph Extremophile Gram-positive Gram-negativearrow_forwardWhat is not part of a Bacterial cell base on the picture?arrow_forwardWhat is the distinguishing feature that identifies prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells? please do not copy from googlearrow_forward
- The following chart lists a variety of cell types and classifies them by their cell arrangement and Domain. Which number is incorrect? Number Cell Type Cell Arrangement Domain 1 Prokaryotic Unicellular Bacteria Prokaryotic Multicellular Archaea 3 Eukaryotic Unicellular Eukarya 4 Eukaryotic Multicellular Eukarya O 1 O 2 0 3 4arrow_forwardProkaryotes can move in response to many stimuli in their external environment. The response of a bacterial cell to chemical cues is best defined as . Group of answer choices Chemotaxis Gravitaxis Phototaxis Magnetotaxisarrow_forwardTrue or false prokaryote's DNA is in the form of one single, circular chromosomearrow_forward
- Match the following structures with the group in which they can be found. Structure A cell wall made of cellulose A capsid A cell wall only made of a thick peptidoglycan layer An extracellular matrix Group Viruses Gram positive bacteria Animals Plantsarrow_forwardName 4 structures unique to prokaryotic cells. Give the function/adaptation of each.arrow_forwardPlease write a haiku poem about a prokaryotic cell with lactose and glucose. Refer to the image for further instructions. This is an AP Biology projectarrow_forward
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