The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize 4 -phenylheptan- 4 -ol is to be explained. Concept introduction: The grignard reagent is used to generate R − carbanion which attacks on electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the carbonyl group into alcohol.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 21.9, Problem 21.28P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize 4-phenylheptan-4-ol is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks on electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the carbonyl group into alcohol.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize heptan-4-ol is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks on electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the carbonyl group into alcohol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize pentan-2-one is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the nitrile group into ketone group.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 21.9, Problem 21.28P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize 4-phenylheptan-4-ol is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks on electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the carbonyl group into alcohol.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize heptan-4-ol is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks on electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the carbonyl group into alcohol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize pentan-2-one is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the nitrile group into ketone group.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 21.9, Problem 21.28P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize 4-phenylheptan-4-ol is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks on electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the carbonyl group into alcohol.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize heptan-4-ol is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks on electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the carbonyl group into alcohol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize pentan-2-one is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the nitrile group into ketone group.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 21.9, Problem 21.28P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize 4-phenylheptan-4-ol is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks on electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the carbonyl group into alcohol.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize heptan-4-ol is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks on electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the carbonyl group into alcohol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize pentan-2-one is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the nitrile group into ketone group.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21.9, Problem 21.28P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize 4-phenylheptan-4-ol is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks on electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the carbonyl group into alcohol.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize heptan-4-ol is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks on electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the carbonyl group into alcohol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize pentan-2-one is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the nitrile group into ketone group.

Answer 6

Chapter 21.9, Problem 21.28P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize 4-phenylheptan-4-ol is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks on electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the carbonyl group into alcohol.

Answer 7

Chapter 21.9, Problem 21.28P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize 4-phenylheptan-4-ol is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks on electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the carbonyl group into alcohol.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize heptan-4-ol is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks on electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the carbonyl group into alcohol.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize heptan-4-ol is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks on electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the carbonyl group into alcohol.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize pentan-2-one is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the nitrile group into ketone group.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize pentan-2-one is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The grignard reagent is used to generate R− carbanion which attacks electron deficient center. Carbonyl group that has good leaving group gives substituted products. This reagent is used to convert the nitrile group into ketone group.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 21.2F - Name the following carboxylic acid derivatives,...Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.2P Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21.5C - Prob. 21.7P Ch. 21.6 - When ethyl 4-hydroxybutyrate is heated in the...Ch. 21.6 - Propose a mechanism for the following ring-opening...Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 21.15P Ch. 21.7B - Prob. 21.16P Ch. 21.7C - Prob. 21.19P

Solution Summary: The author explains the mechanism of the addition of Grignard reagent to an ester or a nitrile to synthesize heptan- 4 -ol.

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Chapter 21 Solutions