A mechanism corresponding to the hydrolysis of N , N -dimethylacetamide under basic condition is to be stated. Concept introduction: The basic hydrolysis of an amide comprises of three steps. The first step is the addition of the nucleophile. The second step is the elimination of the leaving group. The third step is the proton transfer.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21.7C, Problem 21.20P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism corresponding to the hydrolysis of N,N-dimethylacetamide under basic condition is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The basic hydrolysis of an amide comprises of three steps. The first step is the addition of the nucleophile. The second step is the elimination of the leaving group. The third step is the proton transfer.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism corresponding to the hydrolysis of N,N-dimethylacetamide under acidic condition is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The mechanism of acidic hydrolysis of an amide comprises two stages. The first half is an acid catalyzed addition of the nucleophile (water). The second half is an acid catalyzed elimination of the leaving group.

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(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21.7C, Problem 21.20P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism corresponding to the hydrolysis of N,N-dimethylacetamide under basic condition is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The basic hydrolysis of an amide comprises of three steps. The first step is the addition of the nucleophile. The second step is the elimination of the leaving group. The third step is the proton transfer.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism corresponding to the hydrolysis of N,N-dimethylacetamide under acidic condition is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The mechanism of acidic hydrolysis of an amide comprises two stages. The first half is an acid catalyzed addition of the nucleophile (water). The second half is an acid catalyzed elimination of the leaving group.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21.7C, Problem 21.20P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism corresponding to the hydrolysis of N,N-dimethylacetamide under basic condition is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The basic hydrolysis of an amide comprises of three steps. The first step is the addition of the nucleophile. The second step is the elimination of the leaving group. The third step is the proton transfer.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism corresponding to the hydrolysis of N,N-dimethylacetamide under acidic condition is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The mechanism of acidic hydrolysis of an amide comprises two stages. The first half is an acid catalyzed addition of the nucleophile (water). The second half is an acid catalyzed elimination of the leaving group.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21.7C, Problem 21.20P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism corresponding to the hydrolysis of N,N-dimethylacetamide under basic condition is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The basic hydrolysis of an amide comprises of three steps. The first step is the addition of the nucleophile. The second step is the elimination of the leaving group. The third step is the proton transfer.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism corresponding to the hydrolysis of N,N-dimethylacetamide under acidic condition is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The mechanism of acidic hydrolysis of an amide comprises two stages. The first half is an acid catalyzed addition of the nucleophile (water). The second half is an acid catalyzed elimination of the leaving group.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21.7C, Problem 21.20P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism corresponding to the hydrolysis of N,N-dimethylacetamide under basic condition is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The basic hydrolysis of an amide comprises of three steps. The first step is the addition of the nucleophile. The second step is the elimination of the leaving group. The third step is the proton transfer.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism corresponding to the hydrolysis of N,N-dimethylacetamide under acidic condition is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The mechanism of acidic hydrolysis of an amide comprises two stages. The first half is an acid catalyzed addition of the nucleophile (water). The second half is an acid catalyzed elimination of the leaving group.

Answer 6

Chapter 21.7C, Problem 21.20P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism corresponding to the hydrolysis of N,N-dimethylacetamide under basic condition is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The basic hydrolysis of an amide comprises of three steps. The first step is the addition of the nucleophile. The second step is the elimination of the leaving group. The third step is the proton transfer.

Answer 7

Chapter 21.7C, Problem 21.20P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism corresponding to the hydrolysis of N,N-dimethylacetamide under basic condition is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The basic hydrolysis of an amide comprises of three steps. The first step is the addition of the nucleophile. The second step is the elimination of the leaving group. The third step is the proton transfer.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism corresponding to the hydrolysis of N,N-dimethylacetamide under acidic condition is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The mechanism of acidic hydrolysis of an amide comprises two stages. The first half is an acid catalyzed addition of the nucleophile (water). The second half is an acid catalyzed elimination of the leaving group.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism corresponding to the hydrolysis of N,N-dimethylacetamide under acidic condition is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The mechanism of acidic hydrolysis of an amide comprises two stages. The first half is an acid catalyzed addition of the nucleophile (water). The second half is an acid catalyzed elimination of the leaving group.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 21.2F - Name the following carboxylic acid derivatives,...Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.2P Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21.5C - Prob. 21.7P Ch. 21.6 - When ethyl 4-hydroxybutyrate is heated in the...Ch. 21.6 - Propose a mechanism for the following ring-opening...Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 21.15P Ch. 21.7B - Prob. 21.16P Ch. 21.7C - Prob. 21.19P

Solution Summary: The author explains the basic hydrolysis of N,N-dimethylacetamide under basic condition. The first step is the addition of the nucleophile.

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