From the given set of species the species that gets dissociated by absorbing energy that equals wavelength in visible region should be determined. Concept introduction: Visible Range: The electromagnetic radiation which range is about 390 nm to 700 nm is considered as visible since the human eye can able to detect this range. UV Range: The electromagnetic radiation which range is about 100 nm to 400nm is regarded as ultraviolet region and they are shorter than the visible region. Bond Enthalpy: The energy required in order to form the bond between the two atoms is called bond enthalpy. Bond Dissociation Energy : The minimum energy required to break a bond between two atoms present in the molecule is called bond dissociation energy. Energy: The energy is conversed property since it can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be transformed. The energy of the photon is obtained by using the following relation E = hν h → Planck's constant = 6 .63 × 10 -34 J .s ν → frequency of the photon Wavelength: The distance between the two continuous maximum displacements present in wave or the two continuous minimum displacements present in a wave exhibited by the photons is called wavelength. The wavelength of the photon is inversely proportional to its frequency. The relationship between them is given by the following formula, (wavelength)λ = (velocity of light)c (frequency)ν Frequency: It denotes the number of waves passes in given amount of time.

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Answer 1

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Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 21.2, Problem 1PPB

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: From the given set of species the species that gets dissociated by absorbing energy that equals wavelength in visible region should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Visible Range: The electromagnetic radiation which range is about 390 nm to 700 nm is considered as visible since the human eye can able to detect this range.

UV Range: The electromagnetic radiation which range is about 100 nm to 400nm is regarded as ultraviolet region and they are shorter than the visible region.

Bond Enthalpy: The energy required in order to form the bond between the two atoms is called bond enthalpy.

Bond Dissociation Energy: The minimum energy required to break a bond between two atoms present in the molecule is called bond dissociation energy.

Energy: The energy is conversed property since it can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be transformed. The energy of the photon is obtained by using the following relation

E = hνh→Planck's constant = 6.63×10-34J.sν→frequency of the photon

Wavelength: The distance between the two continuous maximum displacements present in wave or the two continuous minimum displacements present in a wave exhibited by the photons is called wavelength. The wavelength of the photon is inversely proportional to its frequency. The relationship between them is given by the following formula,

(wavelength)λ = (velocity of light)c(frequency)ν

Frequency: It denotes the number of waves passes in given amount of time.

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The table includes macrostates characterized by 4 energy levels (&) that are equally spaced but with different degrees of occupation. a) Calculate the energy of all the macrostates (in joules). See if they all have the same energy and number of particles. b) Calculate the macrostate that is most likely to exist. For this macrostate, show that the population of the levels is consistent with the Boltzmann distribution. macrostate 1 macrostate 2 macrostate 3 ε/k (K) Populations Populations Populations 300 5 3 4 200 7 9 8 100 15 17 16 0 33 31 32 DATO: k = 1,38×10-23 J K-1

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Answer 2

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Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 21.2, Problem 1PPB

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: From the given set of species the species that gets dissociated by absorbing energy that equals wavelength in visible region should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Visible Range: The electromagnetic radiation which range is about 390 nm to 700 nm is considered as visible since the human eye can able to detect this range.

UV Range: The electromagnetic radiation which range is about 100 nm to 400nm is regarded as ultraviolet region and they are shorter than the visible region.

Bond Enthalpy: The energy required in order to form the bond between the two atoms is called bond enthalpy.

Bond Dissociation Energy: The minimum energy required to break a bond between two atoms present in the molecule is called bond dissociation energy.

Energy: The energy is conversed property since it can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be transformed. The energy of the photon is obtained by using the following relation

E = hνh→Planck's constant = 6.63×10-34J.sν→frequency of the photon

Wavelength: The distance between the two continuous maximum displacements present in wave or the two continuous minimum displacements present in a wave exhibited by the photons is called wavelength. The wavelength of the photon is inversely proportional to its frequency. The relationship between them is given by the following formula,

(wavelength)λ = (velocity of light)c(frequency)ν

Frequency: It denotes the number of waves passes in given amount of time.

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Answer 3

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 21.2, Problem 1PPB

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: From the given set of species the species that gets dissociated by absorbing energy that equals wavelength in visible region should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Visible Range: The electromagnetic radiation which range is about 390 nm to 700 nm is considered as visible since the human eye can able to detect this range.

UV Range: The electromagnetic radiation which range is about 100 nm to 400nm is regarded as ultraviolet region and they are shorter than the visible region.

Bond Enthalpy: The energy required in order to form the bond between the two atoms is called bond enthalpy.

Bond Dissociation Energy: The minimum energy required to break a bond between two atoms present in the molecule is called bond dissociation energy.

Energy: The energy is conversed property since it can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be transformed. The energy of the photon is obtained by using the following relation

E = hνh→Planck's constant = 6.63×10-34J.sν→frequency of the photon

Wavelength: The distance between the two continuous maximum displacements present in wave or the two continuous minimum displacements present in a wave exhibited by the photons is called wavelength. The wavelength of the photon is inversely proportional to its frequency. The relationship between them is given by the following formula,

(wavelength)λ = (velocity of light)c(frequency)ν

Frequency: It denotes the number of waves passes in given amount of time.

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Answer 4

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 21.2, Problem 1PPB

Interpretation Introduction