
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The number of 1000lb marble statues damaged by acid rain for the given condition (a) and undesirable result of acid rain damage should be determined.
Concept introduction:
- Balanced chemical equation of a reaction is written according to law of conservation of mass.
- Equation for Number of moles of a substance, from its given mass is,
- Mole ratio or molar ratio is the ratio between the amounts in moles of any two compounds involved in the
chemical reaction . - Pound is a unit of mass used in US customary systems of measurement. It is denoted by lb.
- Rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite undergone transformation by heat, pressure and or other natural agencies results the formation of marble. Lime stone is a hard sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate.
- Acid rain: It is made up of water droplets that are unusually acidic because of atmospheric pollution, particularly the excessive amounts of sulfur and nitrogen released by cars and industrial processes.
- Global warming is a serious environmental issue, in which there is an increase in the overall temperature of the earth by various factors.
- Greenhouse gases are the gases that trap heat in the atmosphere.
To write: the balanced reaction equation represent the formation of acid rain and the damage that acid rain causes to marble statue.
To explain: the acid rain
(a)

Answer to Problem 21.73QP
The number of 1000lb marble statues damaged by acid rain for the given condition is
Explanation of Solution
Acid rain: It is made up of water droplets that are unusually acidic because of atmospheric pollution, particularly the excessive amounts of sulfur and nitrogen released by cars and industrial processes.
Sulfur oxides liberated will react with oxygen in the atmosphere results the formation of sulfur trioxide which is combined with water to form sulfuric acid. Chemical reaction equation for this process can be represented as,
In the given reaction, Sulfur oxides liberated will react with oxygen in the atmosphere results the formation of sulfur trioxide which is combined with water to form sulfuric acid.
The chemical equation for this reaction is,
When
Balanced chemical equation of a reaction is written according to law of conservation of mass.
Therefore,
The total number of each atoms in the reactant side should equal to the total number of each atoms in the product side.
So, in order to balance a chemical equation, the coefficients of compounds or atoms are needed to be changed in such a way that total number of each atoms in the reactant side and the total number of each atoms in the product side is to become equal.
Hence,
The above chemical equation is a balanced chemical equation.
Therefore,
The balanced equations for the given reactions are,
The number of moles of
The mass of
The 1000 lb of marble should be converted to kg before calculations.
Number of moles of a substance, from its given mass is,
Molecular mass of
Therefore,
The number of moles of
The number of moles of
From the number of moles of
It should be noted that only 20% of
The number of moles of
Therefore the number of moles of
Rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite undergone transformation by heat, pressure and or other natural agencies results the formation of marble.
The reaction equation for this process is,
Number of moles of a substance, from its given mass is,
Molecular mass of
The moles of
The number of moles of
The number of statues damaged by
This value shows that any objects/statues made of marble are susceptible to attack by acid rain.
(b)
Interpretation: The number of 1000lb marble statues damaged by acid rain for the given condition (a) and undesirable result of acid rain damage should be determined.
Concept introduction:
- Balanced chemical equation of a reaction is written according to law of conservation of mass.
- Equation for Number of moles of a substance, from its given mass is,
- Mole ratio or molar ratio is the ratio between the amounts in moles of any two compounds involved in the chemical reaction.
- Pound is a unit of mass used in US customary systems of measurement. It is denoted by lb.
- Rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite undergone transformation by heat, pressure and or other natural agencies results the formation of marble. Lime stone is a hard sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate.
- Acid rain: It is made up of water droplets that are unusually acidic because of atmospheric pollution, particularly the excessive amounts of sulfur and nitrogen released by cars and industrial processes.
- Global warming is a serious environmental issue, in which there is an increase in the overall temperature of the earth by various factors.
- Greenhouse gases are the gases that trap heat in the atmosphere.
- To determine: undesirable result of acid rain damage for the given reaction
(b)

Answer to Problem 21.73QP
The
Explanation of Solution
Explanation
Acid rain: It is made up of water droplets that are unusually acidic because of atmospheric pollution, particularly the excessive amounts of sulfur and nitrogen released by cars and industrial processes.
In the given reaction, Sulfur oxides liberated will react with oxygen in the atmosphere results the formation of sulfur trioxide which is combined with water to form sulfuric acid.
The chemical equation for this reaction is,
When
Destruction of marble by acid rain produces carbon dioxide in great extent. This is one of the important greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are the gases that trap heat in the atmosphere.
Global warming is a serious environmental issue, in which there is an increase in the overall temperature of the earth by various factors. Presence of greenhouse gases like
Therefore the
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
- A student proposes the transformation below in one step of an organic synthesis. There may be one or more reactants missing from the left-hand side, but there are no products missing from the right-hand side. There may also be catalysts, small inorganic reagents, and other important reaction conditions missing from the arrow. • Is the student's transformation possible? If not, check the box under the drawing area. . If the student's transformation is possible, then complete the reaction by adding any missing reactants to the left-hand side, and adding required catalysts, inorganic reagents, or other important reaction conditions above and below the arrow. • You do not need to balance the reaction, but be sure every important organic reactant or product is shown. + T X O O лет-ле HO OH HO OH This transformation can't be done in one step.arrow_forwardDetermine the structures of the missing organic molecules in the following reaction: X+H₂O H* H+ Y OH OH Note: Molecules that share the same letter have the exact same structure. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic molecules X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X Sarrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction. If there aren't any products, because nothing will happen, check the box under the drawing area instead. No reaction. HO. O :☐ + G Na O.H Click and drag to start drawing a structure. XS xs H₂Oarrow_forward
- What are the angles a and b in the actual molecule of which this is a Lewis structure? H H C H- a -H b H Note for advanced students: give the ideal angles, and don't worry about small differences from the ideal groups may have slightly different sizes. a = b = 0 °arrow_forwardWhat are the angles a and b in the actual molecule of which this is a Lewis structure? :0: HCOH a Note for advanced students: give the ideal angles, and don't worry about small differences from the ideal that might be caused by the fact that different electron groups may have slightly different sizes. a = 0 b=0° Sarrow_forwardDetermine the structures of the missing organic molecules in the following reaction: + H₂O +H OH O OH +H OH X Note: Molecules that share the same letter have the exact same structure. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structure of the missing organic molecule X. Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forward
- Identify the missing organic reactant in the following reaction: x + x O OH H* + ☑- X H+ O O Х Note: This chemical equation only focuses on the important organic molecules in the reaction. Additional inorganic or small-molecule reactants or products (like H₂O) are not shown. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structure of the missing organic reactant X. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Carrow_forwardCH3O OH OH O hemiacetal O acetal O neither O 0 O hemiacetal acetal neither OH hemiacetal O acetal O neither CH2 O-CH2-CH3 CH3-C-OH O hemiacetal O acetal CH3-CH2-CH2-0-c-O-CH2-CH2-CH3 O neither HO-CH2 ? 000 Ar Barrow_forwardWhat would be the best choices for the missing reagents 1 and 3 in this synthesis? 1. PPh3 2 2. n-BuLi 3 Draw the missing reagents in the drawing area below. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. • Do not draw the missing reagent 2. If you draw 1 correctly, we'll know what it is. • Note: if one of your reagents needs to contain a halogen, use bromine. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forward
- Predict the products of this organic reaction: NaBH3CN + NH2 ? H+ Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ×arrow_forwardPredict the organic products that form in the reaction below: + OH +H H+ ➤ ☑ X - Y Note: You may assume you have an excess of either reactant if the reaction requires more than one of those molecules to form the products. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic products X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Garrow_forwardPredict the organic products that form in the reaction below: OH H+ H+ + ☑ Y Note: You may assume you have an excess of either reactant if the reaction requires more than one of those molecules to form the products. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic products X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ✓ marrow_forward
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