Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134433769
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 21, Problem 9TYU
Summary Introduction
To explain:
How cellular and molecular events are responsible for emergent properties at individual and population level.
Introduction:
The events taking place at molecular or cellular level can lead to emergent properties at individual level or population level. The heterozygote alleles are favored rather than homozygotes at cellular level. In humans, this advantage can be seen at a locus coding for ß polypeptide (subunit of hemoglobin).
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Sickle-cell disease (often called sickle-cell anemia) is a disease that is caused by a mutation to the gene that is responsible for producing the protein hemoglobin. Remember that hemoglobin is a protein in the red blood cells which is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. When a person possesses the mutated hemoglobin allele, their red blood cells take on an altered shape and this results in a variety of symptoms ranging from general weakening of the body, damage to the organs and even death. The sickle cell allele is recessive to the healthy allele, thus only individuals that are homozygous for the recessive allele will have sickle-cell disease. Individuals that are homozygous for the healthy allele, along with heterozygous, individuals will be physically healthy.
Question:
Given that this mutated allele will cause disease and death in individuals, what would you predict to occur to the frequency of this allele in the population? Explain.
Given below is the electrophoretic profile of 2 proteins,
a normal hemoglobin, HbA and the fetal hemoglobin,
HbF. What information can be obtained from the profile
shown?
wwwwwww
(+)
HbF
ww w
(-)
HbA
ww ww
A. HbF has a slightly different conformation compared with
HbA
B. HbF and HbA have different primary structures
C. HbF has a higher affinity for oxygen than HbA
D. HbF has a nonpolar amino acid residue in place of a basic
amino acid.
E. HbF has an acidic amino acid residue in place of a
nonpolar amino acid
Explain the differences between an individual homozygous for the sickle hemoglobin allele (HbS/HbS) and one who is heterozygous (HbA/HbS). Consider the hemoglobin molecule, cells, and disease.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 21.1 - Explain why genetic variation within a population...Ch. 21.1 - Of all the mutations that occur in a population,...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 21.2 - A population has 700 individuals, 85 of genotype...Ch. 21.2 - The frequency of allele a is 0.45 for a population...Ch. 21.2 - WHAT IF? A locus that affects susceptibility to a...Ch. 21.3 - In what sense is natural selection more...Ch. 21.3 - Distinguish genetic drift from gene flow in terms...Ch. 21.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose two plant populations exchange...Ch. 21.4 - What is the relative fitness of a sterile mule?...
Ch. 21.4 - Explain why natural selection is the only...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 21 - Natural selection changes allele frequencies...Ch. 21 - No two people are genetically identical, except...Ch. 21 - Sparrows With average-sized w1ngs survive severe...Ch. 21 - If the nucleotide variability of a locus equals...Ch. 21 - There are 25 individuals in population 1, all with...Ch. 21 - A fruit fly population has a gene with two...Ch. 21 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Using at least TWO examples,...Ch. 21 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 21 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This kettle lake formed...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Compare the segment of DNA for normal hemoglobin with the segment for sickle-cell hemoglobin below. Sickle-cell disease is caused by a mutation. Normal Sickle-cell hemoglobin DNA hemoglobin DNA ... GIAIICIA ... ... Normal hemoglobin Sickle-cell hemoglobin Normal red blood cells A sickled red blood cell substitution inversion deletion translocationarrow_forwardBACKGROUND Sickle cell disease is caused by a change in the gene for hemoglobin, which is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. Individuals who are homozygous for the sickle cell trait often cannot endure exercise. Individuals who are heterozygous for the trait can have sickle cell attacks under extreme conditions. Normal individuals (Hb Hb) have only normal hemoglobin. Homozygous sickle cell individuals (Hb Hb') have only sickle cell hemoglobin. Heterozygous individuals (Hbs Hb) have both normal hemoglobin and sickle cell hemoglobin. Jerry Smith collapsed while running a race for his track team. A doctor said that he had a sickle cell attack. Genetic tests were run on several family members. The test results are shown below. An X indicates that form of hemoglobin in red blood cells. PROBLEM How can you determine the genotypes of people in a family? TABLE 1. FAMILY PHENOTYPES Normal Hemoglobin Subject Jerry Smith Jerry's brother Jerry's younger sister Jerry's youngest sister…arrow_forwardThere is a benign congenital condition called Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin (HPFH) in which production of the fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is not switched off post-partum (after birth). It is due to a mutation in the β-globin gene cluster. People that are homozygotes for this mutation, meaning that the gene from both parents is mutated, continue to make almost exclusively HbF throughout their life rather than adult hemoglobin (HbA). HPFH homozygotes demonstrate a slight erythrocytosis, or an increase in the number or mass of their red blood cells, and consequently an increase in the concentration of HbF. Given only what you know about the oxygen saturation dynamics of HbF versus HbA, can you explain why there might be the slight erythrocytosis in HPFH homozygotes? It has been observed that the prevalence of HPFH is much higher in populations with certain hemoglobinopathic disorders such as sickle cell anemia, and is selected for in populations with a high prevalence of these…arrow_forward
- Mention Mendelian laws and how they fit in with sickle cell anaemia Are there any advantages to having sickle cell anaemia?arrow_forwardBACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease is caused by a change in the gene for hemoglobin, which is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. Individuals who are homozygous for the sickle cell trait often cannot endure exercise. Individuals who are heterozygous for the trait can have sickle cell attacks under extreme conditions. Normal individuals (genotype: Hbnorm Hbnorm ) have only normal hemoglobin. Homozygous sickle cell individuals (genotype: Hbsc Hbsc ) 'have only sickle cell hemoglobin. Heterozygous individuals (genotype: Hbnorm Hbsc ) have both normal and sickle cell hemoglobin. terry Smith collapsed while running a race for his track team. A doctor said he had a sickle cell attack. Genetic tests were run on several family members. The test results are shown below. An X indicates that form of hemoglobin in red blood cells. PROBLEM: How can you determine the genotypes of people in a family? Subject Normal Hemoglobin Sickle Cell Hemoglobin Jerry Jerry's brother Jerry's younger…arrow_forwardSickle cell anemia is an inheritable red blood cell disorder that results in sickle-shaped red blood cells. The sickle-shaped red blood cells can stick to blood vessel walls and cause a blockage or slow the movement of blood throughout the body. Individuals who are heterozygous produce both normal and sickle-shaped red blood cells which gives them resistance to malaria but they do not develop sickle cell anemia (so heterozygotes are unaffected on the pedigree).Let HbS be the allele for sickle cell anemia and let HbA be the allele for normal red blood cells. Which of the following rows provides the correct genotypes for individuals I-2, I-4, II-1, and III-1? Select one: a. I-2 I-4 II-1 III-1 HbA_ HbAHbS HbAHbS HbA_ b. I-2 I-4 II-1 III-1 HbA_ HbAHbS HbAHbS HbAHbS c. I-2 I-4 II-1 III-1 HbAHbS HbAHbS HbAHbS HbAHbS d. I-2 I-4 II-1 III-1 HbAHbA HbAHbA HbAHbA HbAHbAarrow_forward
- Sickle cell anemia is an inheritable red blood cell disorder that results in sickle-shaped red blood cells. The sickle-shaped red blood cells can stick to blood vessel walls and cause a blockage or slow the movement of blood throughout the body. Individuals who are heterozygous produce both normal and sickle-shaped red blood cells which gives them resistance to malaria but they do not develop sickle cell anemia (so heterozygotes are unaffected on the pedigree).Let HbS be the allele for sickle cell anemia and let HbA be the allele for normal red blood cells. Which of the following rows provides the correct genotypes for individuals I-2, I-4, II-1, and III-1? Select one: a. I-2 I-4 II-1 III-1 HbA_ HbAHbS HbAHbS HbA_ b. I-2 I-4 II-1 III-1 HbA_ HbAHbS HbAHbS HbAHbS c. I-2 I-4 II-1 III-1 HbAHbS HbAHbS HbAHbS HbAHbS d. I-2 I-4 II-1 III-1 HbAHbA HbAHbA HbAHbA HbAHbAarrow_forwardGiven the information regarding sickle cell anemia, if two carriers were to have children, what would be the genotypes and phenotypes of their children? Would any of the children show symptoms of the disease?arrow_forward5) Why is blood type inheritance an example of both codominance and completedominance?arrow_forward
- One of your patients, a six-year-old girl who suffers from Sickle cell anemia, an inherited blood disorder in which red blood cells are abnormally shaped and fragile, leading to a short supply of red blood cells. These abnormal cells can also get stuck in small vessels, which prevent blood flow, leading to fatigue, pain and other severe complications. If your patient's parents decide to have another child, what is the chance that that child will also have sickle cell anemia? 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%arrow_forwardExplain the biochemistry behind human blood ABO-type groups. Why is it important to know the blood type first before blood transfusion? What happens when blood types are incompatible?arrow_forwardwhat fraction of the offspring of two parents with sickle trait would you expect to have sickle cell anemia? Explain how you arrived at this answer. Also include a punnet squarearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning