General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780132931281
Author: Ralph H. Petrucci, F. Geoffrey Herring, Jeffry D. Madura, Carey Bissonnette
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 81SAE
Briefly describe each of the following ideas, methods, or phenomena (a) diagonal relationship; (b) preparation of deionized water by ion exchange; (c) thermite reaction; (d) inert pair effect.
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How would you account for the following:
(i) The electron gain enthalpy with negative sign is less for oxygen than that for sulphur.
(ii) Phosphorus shows greater tendency for catenation than nitrogen.
(iii) Fluorine never acts as the central atom in polyatomic inter-halogen
compounds.
(b) Is boron a metal or a non-metal? Give reasons for your answer.
(c) Why is aluminium a useful structural material even though it reacts
readilywith water and oxygen?
(d) What is the usual valence shown by elements of Group 13 in compounds?
Q.5(a) The alkali metals follow the noble gases in their atomic structure. What properties of these
metals can be predicted from this information?
(b) Arrange the carbonates of alkaline earth metals in order of thermal stability.
(c) Explain the process involved in the manufacture of NaOH, Na2CO3 and NaHCO3.
(d) Identify the element X in each of the following:
(i) The oxide of XO2 has a high M.P., and is very abundant in nature.
(ii) X forms three oxides: XO, XO2, X3O2.
(iii) X forms compounds mainly in the +2 O.S., though some compounds in +4 state do
exist.
(iv) X occurs as several allotropes, including a molecular one.
(e) Borazine reacts with three mole equivalents of HCl to give a material with chemical
composition B3N3H9C13.
(i) What is the structure of product?
(ii) How does the isoelectronic benzene react with HCl?
(f) Explain why bond length in NO (115 pm) is longer than that in nitrosonium ion (106 pm)?
Chapter 21 Solutions
General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
Ch. 21 - Prob. 1ECh. 21 - Use information from the chapter to write chemical...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3ECh. 21 - Describe two methods for determining the identity...Ch. 21 - Arrange the following compounds in the expected...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6ECh. 21 - Prob. 7ECh. 21 - A lithium battery used in a cardiac pacemaker has...Ch. 21 - Prob. 9ECh. 21 - Prob. 10E
Ch. 21 - The standard Gibbs energies of formation, rG , for...Ch. 21 - Prob. 12ECh. 21 - Prob. 13ECh. 21 - Prob. 14ECh. 21 - Prob. 15ECh. 21 - Prob. 16ECh. 21 - Prob. 17ECh. 21 - Write chemical equations for the reactions you...Ch. 21 - Without performing detailed calculations, indicate...Ch. 21 - Prob. 20ECh. 21 - With respect to decomposition to MO(s) and SO2(g)...Ch. 21 - Prob. 22ECh. 21 - Prob. 23ECh. 21 - Prob. 24ECh. 21 - Prob. 25ECh. 21 - Prob. 26ECh. 21 - Prob. 27ECh. 21 - Prob. 28ECh. 21 - Prob. 29ECh. 21 - Prob. 30ECh. 21 - Prob. 31ECh. 21 - Prob. 32ECh. 21 - Prob. 33ECh. 21 - Prob. 34ECh. 21 - Prob. 35ECh. 21 - Prob. 36ECh. 21 - Prob. 37ECh. 21 - Prob. 38ECh. 21 - Prob. 39ECh. 21 - Prob. 40ECh. 21 - Prob. 41ECh. 21 - Prob. 42ECh. 21 - Prob. 43ECh. 21 - Prob. 44ECh. 21 - Methane and sulfur vapor react to form carbon...Ch. 21 - Prob. 46ECh. 21 - Prob. 47ECh. 21 - Prob. 48ECh. 21 - Write plausible chemical equations for the (a)...Ch. 21 - Prob. 50ECh. 21 - Prob. 51ECh. 21 - Aqueous tin(II) ion, Sn2+(aq) , is a good reducing...Ch. 21 - Would you expect the reaction of Sn(s) and Cl2(g)...Ch. 21 - Prob. 54ECh. 21 - Prob. 55IAECh. 21 - The following series of observations is made: (1)...Ch. 21 - Prob. 57IAECh. 21 - Prob. 58IAECh. 21 - Prob. 59IAECh. 21 - Prob. 60IAECh. 21 - Lithium superoxide, LiO2(s) , has never been...Ch. 21 - Prob. 62IAECh. 21 - Prob. 63IAECh. 21 - Prob. 64IAECh. 21 - Use data from Appendix D (Table D-2) to calculate...Ch. 21 - Prob. 66IAECh. 21 - A particular water sample contains 56.9 ppm SO42-...Ch. 21 - An aluminum production cell of the type pictured...Ch. 21 - Prob. 69IAECh. 21 - Prob. 70IAECh. 21 - Prob. 71IAECh. 21 - Prob. 72IAECh. 21 - Prob. 73IAECh. 21 - Prob. 74IAECh. 21 - Prob. 75IAECh. 21 - Would you expect the lattice energy of MgS(s) to...Ch. 21 - Prob. 77IAECh. 21 - Prob. 78FPCh. 21 - Prob. 79FPCh. 21 - Prob. 80SAECh. 21 - Briefly describe each of the following ideas,...Ch. 21 - Explain the important distinction between each...Ch. 21 - Prob. 83SAECh. 21 - Prob. 84SAECh. 21 - Predict the products of the following reactions:...Ch. 21 - A chemist knows that aluminum is more reactive...Ch. 21 - Listed are several pairs of substances. For some...Ch. 21 - Prob. 88SAECh. 21 - Prob. 89SAECh. 21 - Prob. 90SAECh. 21 - Prob. 91SAECh. 21 - Prob. 92SAECh. 21 - Prob. 93SAECh. 21 - Prob. 94SAECh. 21 - Prob. 95SAE
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- Sodium hypochlorite is produced by the electrolysis of cold sodium chloride solution. How long must a cell operate to produce 1.500103 L of 5.00% NaClO by mass if the cell current is 2.00103 A? Assume that the density of the solution is 1.00 g/cm3.arrow_forwardHow many grams of oxygen gas are necessary to react completely with 3.011021 atoms of magnesium to yield magnesium oxide?arrow_forwardAccount for the following: (i) Ammonia is more basic than phosphine. (ii) Elements of Group 16 generally show lower value of first ionisation enthalpy compared to the elements in the corresponding periods of Group 15. (iii) Electron gain enthalpy with negative sign for fluorine is less than that for chlorine.arrow_forward
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- Diiodine pentaoxide (I₂O₅) was discovered by JosephGay-Lussac in 1813, but its structure was unknown until 1970!Like Cl₂O₇, it can be prepared by the dehydration-condensationof the corresponding oxoacid.(a) Name the precursor oxoacid, write a reaction for formation ofthe oxide, and draw a likely Lewis structure.(b) Data show that the bonds to the terminal O are shorter than the bonds to the bridging O. Why?(c) I₂O₅ is one of the few chemicals that can oxidize CO rapidly and completely; elemental iodine forms in the process. Write abalanced equation for this reaction.arrow_forwardConsider the following three statements about the reactivityof an alkali metal M with oxygen gas:(i) Based on their positions in the periodic table, the expectedproduct is the ionic oxide M2O.(ii) Some of the alkali metals produce metal peroxides or metalsuperoxides when they react with oxygen.(iii) When dissolved in water, an alkali metal oxide produces abasic solution.Which of the statements (i), (ii), and (iii) is or are true?(a) Only one of the statements is true.(b) Statements (i) and (ii) are true.(c) Statements (i) and (iii) are true.(d) Statements (ii) and (iii) are true.(e) All three statements are true.arrow_forward(A) if both sentences are true, (B) if both sentences are false, (C) if the first sentence is true but the second is false, and (D) if the first sentence is false but the second is true. 1. When a non-metallic oxide reacts with water, a base will be formed as the product of the reaction. When a metallic oxide like phosphorous pentoxide reacts with water, a base will be formed as the product of the reaction. 2. When water is mixed with oxides, hydrogen gas is evolved. A red to blue color change in the litmus paper indicates that the solution tested is an acid. 3. The filtrate in any filtration process is left on the surface of the filter paper, while the residue is collected at the bottom of the flask/container after passing through the filter paper. In the distillation process, the methyl violet served as a compound to acidify the water. 4. In the Winkler Titration Method, the starch solution turns colorless in the presence of free iodine in the solution to be titrated. In the Winkler…arrow_forward
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