(a) Interpretation: The percentage efficiency for the given process should be determined. Concept introduction: The Solvay process also known as ammonia-soda process is an industrial process used in the production of sodium carbonate. In this process, limestone is used to produce CO 2 (g) that reacts with ammonia which is dissolved in the brine solution.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 9E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The percentage efficiency for the given process should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Solvay process also known as ammonia-soda process is an industrial process used in the production of sodium carbonate. In this process, limestone is used to produce CO₂(g) that reacts with ammonia which is dissolved in the brine solution.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for the requirement of ammonia in little amount should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Solvay process also known as ammonia-soda process is an industrial process used in the production of sodium carbonate. In this process, limestone is used to produce CO₂(g) that reacts with ammonia which is dissolved in the brine solution.

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AG/F-2° V 3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized. Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14: -0.93 +0.38 -0.50 -0.51 -0.06 H3PO4 →H4P206 →H3PO3 →→H3PO₂ → P → PH3 Acidic solution Basic solution -0.28 -0.50 3--1.12 -1.57 -2.05 -0.89 PO HPO H₂PO₂ →P → PH3 -1.73 a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the formation and reduction of H4P206 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both processes; comment. (3 points) 0.5 PH P 0.0 -0.5 -1.0- -1.5- -2.0 H.PO, -2.3+ -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 2 H,PO, b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic conditions is shown. Identify possible disproportionation and comproportionation processes; write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points) H,PO 4 S Oxidation stale, N

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 9E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The percentage efficiency for the given process should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Solvay process also known as ammonia-soda process is an industrial process used in the production of sodium carbonate. In this process, limestone is used to produce CO₂(g) that reacts with ammonia which is dissolved in the brine solution.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for the requirement of ammonia in little amount should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Solvay process also known as ammonia-soda process is an industrial process used in the production of sodium carbonate. In this process, limestone is used to produce CO₂(g) that reacts with ammonia which is dissolved in the brine solution.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 9E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The percentage efficiency for the given process should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Solvay process also known as ammonia-soda process is an industrial process used in the production of sodium carbonate. In this process, limestone is used to produce CO₂(g) that reacts with ammonia which is dissolved in the brine solution.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for the requirement of ammonia in little amount should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Solvay process also known as ammonia-soda process is an industrial process used in the production of sodium carbonate. In this process, limestone is used to produce CO₂(g) that reacts with ammonia which is dissolved in the brine solution.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 9E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The percentage efficiency for the given process should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Solvay process also known as ammonia-soda process is an industrial process used in the production of sodium carbonate. In this process, limestone is used to produce CO₂(g) that reacts with ammonia which is dissolved in the brine solution.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for the requirement of ammonia in little amount should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Solvay process also known as ammonia-soda process is an industrial process used in the production of sodium carbonate. In this process, limestone is used to produce CO₂(g) that reacts with ammonia which is dissolved in the brine solution.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 9E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The percentage efficiency for the given process should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Solvay process also known as ammonia-soda process is an industrial process used in the production of sodium carbonate. In this process, limestone is used to produce CO₂(g) that reacts with ammonia which is dissolved in the brine solution.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for the requirement of ammonia in little amount should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Solvay process also known as ammonia-soda process is an industrial process used in the production of sodium carbonate. In this process, limestone is used to produce CO₂(g) that reacts with ammonia which is dissolved in the brine solution.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 9E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The percentage efficiency for the given process should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Solvay process also known as ammonia-soda process is an industrial process used in the production of sodium carbonate. In this process, limestone is used to produce CO₂(g) that reacts with ammonia which is dissolved in the brine solution.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 9E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The percentage efficiency for the given process should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Solvay process also known as ammonia-soda process is an industrial process used in the production of sodium carbonate. In this process, limestone is used to produce CO₂(g) that reacts with ammonia which is dissolved in the brine solution.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for the requirement of ammonia in little amount should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Solvay process also known as ammonia-soda process is an industrial process used in the production of sodium carbonate. In this process, limestone is used to produce CO₂(g) that reacts with ammonia which is dissolved in the brine solution.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for the requirement of ammonia in little amount should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Solvay process also known as ammonia-soda process is an industrial process used in the production of sodium carbonate. In this process, limestone is used to produce CO₂(g) that reacts with ammonia which is dissolved in the brine solution.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 21 - Prob. 1E Ch. 21 - Use information from the chapter to write chemical...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3E Ch. 21 - Describe two methods for determining the identity...Ch. 21 - Arrange the following compounds in the expected...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6E Ch. 21 - Prob. 7E Ch. 21 - A lithium battery used in a cardiac pacemaker has...Ch. 21 - Prob. 9E Ch. 21 - Prob. 10E

Solution Summary: The author explains that the percentage efficiency of the given process is 71.5 %. The mass of sodium bicarbonate is calculated from 1.00 ton of NaCl.

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