Hormones play an important role in the human body. The female reproductive system is regulated by various hormones such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone, estrogen, and progesterone. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the production of estrogen and progesterone. These hormones are found in nonpregnant women. Estrogen stimulates the maturation of ovum and releases ovum during the menstrual cycle. Progesterone helps to prepare the endometrium for receiving fertilized ovum after ovulation. During pregnancy human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone is produced by the placenta and this hormone is not found in nonpregnant women. Home pregnancy tests are designed to check pregnancy by using urine of the pregnant women. The presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone in urine detects the pregnancy.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 6A

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Hormones play an important role in the human body. The female reproductive system is regulated by various hormones such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone, estrogen, and progesterone. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the production of estrogen and progesterone. These hormones are found in nonpregnant women. Estrogen stimulates the maturation of ovum and releases ovum during the menstrual cycle. Progesterone helps to prepare the endometrium for receiving fertilized ovum after ovulation. During pregnancy human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone is produced by the placenta and this hormone is not found in nonpregnant women. Home pregnancy tests are designed to check pregnancy by using urine of the pregnant women. The presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone in urine detects the pregnancy.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

Outline a method for using apomixis to maintain feminized CannabisAssume apomixis is controlled by a single dominant gene. You can choose the type of apomixis: obligate or facultative, gametophytic or sporophytic. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of your proposed method.

Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption 1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration. Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable) (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip (f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo

3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug: (a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate) (b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax). (c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax). (d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.) (e)…