1 Essential Ideas 2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Composition Of Substances And Solutions 4 Stoichiometry Of Chemical Reactions 5 Thermochemistry 6 Electronic Structure And Periodic Properties Of Elements 7 Chemical Bonding And Molecular Geometry 8 Advanced Theories Of Covalent Bonding 9 Gases 10 Liquids And Solids 11 Solutions And Colloids 12 Kinetics 13 Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts 14 Acid-base Equilibria 15 Equilibria Of Other Reaction Classes 16 Thermodynamics 17 Electrochemistry 18 Representative Metals, Metalloids, And Nonmetals 19 Transition Metals And Coordination Chemistry 20 Organic Chemistry 21 Nuclear Chemistry expand_more
Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 1E: Write the following isotopes in hyphenated form (e.g., carbon-14). (a) N1124a (b) A1329l (c) K3673r... Problem 2E: Write the following isotopes in nuclide notation (E.g., " C614 ")? (a) oxygen-14. (b) copper-70. (c)... Problem 3E: For the following isotopes that have missing information, fill in the missing information to... Problem 4E: For each of the isotopes in Exercise 21.1, determine the numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons... Problem 5E: Write the nuclide notation, including charge if applicable, for atoms with the following... Problem 6E: Calculate the density of the M1224g nucleus in g/L, assuming that it has that it has the typical... Problem 7E: What are the two principal differences between nuclear reactions and ordinary chemical changes? Problem 8E: The mass of the atom N1123a is 22.9893 arm.. (a) Calculate its binding energy per atom in millions... Problem 9E: Which of the following nuclei lie within the band of stability shown in Figure 21.2? (a) chlorine-37... Problem 10E: Which of the following nuclei lie within the band of stability shown in Figure 21.2? (a) argon-40... Problem 11E: Write a brief description or definition of each of the following: (a) nucleon. (b) particle. (c) ... Problem 12E: Which of the various particles ( particles, particles, and so on) that may be produced in a... Problem 13E: Complete each of the following equations by adding the missing species: (a) A1327l+H24e?+n01 (b)... Problem 14E: Complete each 0f the following equations: (a) L37i+?2H24e (b) C614N714+? (c) A1327l+H24e?+n01 (d)... Problem 15E: Write a balanced equation for each of the following nuclear reactions: (a) the production of 17O... Problem 16E: Technetium-99 is prepared from 98Mo. Molybdenum-SS combines with a neutron to give molybdenum-99, an... Problem 17E: The mass of the atom F919 is 18.99840 amu.. (a) Calculate its binding energy per atom in millions of... Problem 18E: For the reaction C614N714+?, if 100.0 g of carbon reacts, what volume of nitrogen gas (N2) is... Problem 19E: What are the types of radiation emitted by the nuclei of radioactive elements? Problem 20E: That changes occur to the atomic number and mass of a nucleus during each of the following decay... Problem 21E: What is the change in the nucleus that results from the following decay scenarios?. (a) emission of... Problem 22E: Many nuclides with atomic numbers greater than 83 decay by processes such as electron emission.... Problem 23E: Why is electron capture accompanied by the emission of an X-ray? Problem 24E: Explain, in terms of Figure 21.2, how unstable heavy nuclides (atomic number > 83) may decompose to... Problem 25E: Which of the following nuclei is most likely to decay by positron emission? Explain your choice..... Problem 26E: The following nuclei do not lie in the band of stability. How would they be expected to decay?... Problem 27E: The following nuclei do not lie in the band of stability. How would they be expected to decay?. (a)... Problem 28E: Predict by what mode(s) of spontaneous radioactive decay each of the following unstable isotopes... Problem 29E: Write a nuclear reaction for each step in the formation of P84218o from U98238 which proceeds by a... Problem 30E: Write a nuclear reaction for each step in the formation of P82208b from T90228h, which proceeds by a... Problem 31E: Define the term half-life and illustrate it with an example. Problem 32E: A 1.00106 -g sample of nobelium, N102254o, has a half-life of 55 seconds after it is formed. What is... Problem 33E: 239Pu is a nuclear waste byproduct with a half-life of 24,000 y. What fraction of the 239Pu present... Problem 34E: The isotope 208Tl undergoes decay with a half-life of 3.1 min.. (a) What isotope is produced by the... Problem 35E: If 1.000 g of R88226a produces 0.0001 mL of the gas R86222n at STP (standard temperature and... Problem 36E: The isotope S3890r one of the extremely hazardous species in the residues from nuclear power... Problem 37E: Technetium-99 is often used for assessing heart, liver, and lung damage because certain technetium... Problem 38E: What is the age of mummified primate skin that contains 8.25% of the original quantity of 14C? Problem 39E: A sample of rock was found to contain 8.23 mg of rubidium-87 and 0.47 mg of strontium-87.. (a)... Problem 40E: A laboratory investigation shows that a sample of uranium ore contains 5.37 mg of U92238 and 2.52 mg... Problem 41E: Plutonium was detected in trace amounts in natural uranium deposits by Glenn Seaborg and his... Problem 42E: A B47e atom (mass = 7.0169 amu) decays into a L37i atom (mass = 7.0160 amu) by electron capture. How... Problem 43E: A B58 atom (mass = 8.0246 amu) decays into B48 atom (mass = 8.0053 amu) by loss of a + panrticle... Problem 44E: Isotopes such as 26Al (half-life: 7.2105 years) are believed to have been present in our solar... Problem 45E: Write a balanced equation for each of the following nuclear reactions: (a) bismuth-212 decays into... Problem 46E: Write a balanced equation for each of the following nuclear reactions: (a) mercury-180 decays into... Problem 47E: Write the balanced nuclear equation for the production of the following transuranium elements: (a)... Problem 48E: How does nuclear fission differ from nuclear fusion? Why are both of these processes exothermic? Problem 49E: Both fusion and fission are nuclear reactions. Why is a very high temperature required for fusion,... Problem 50E: Cite the conditions necessary for a nuclear chain reaction to take place. Explain how it can be... Problem 51E: Describe the components of a nuclear reactor. Problem 52E: In usual practice, both a moderator and control rods are necessary to operate a nuclear chain... Problem 53E: Describe how the potential energy of uranium is convened into electrical energy in a nuclear power... Problem 54E: The mass of a hydrogen atom (11H) is 1.007825 arm; that of a tritium atom (13H) is 3.01605 amu; and... Problem 55E: How can a radioactive nuclide be used to show that the equilibrium: AgCl(s)Ag+(aq)+Cl(aq) is a... Problem 56E: Technetium-99m has a half-life of 6.01 hours. If a patient injected with technetium-99m is safe to... Problem 57E: Iodine that enters the body is stored in the thyroid gland from which it is released to control... Problem 58E: If a hospital were storing radioisotopes, what is the minimum containment needed to protect against:... Problem 59E: Based on what is known about Radon-222’s primary decay method, why is inhalation so dangerous? Problem 60E: Given specimens uranium-232 (t1/2=68.9y) and uranium-233 (t1/2=159,200y) of equal mass, which one... Problem 61E: A scientist is studying a 2.234 g sample of thorium-229 (t1/2=7340y) in a laboratory. (a) What is... Problem 62E: Given specimens neon-24 (t1/2=3.38min) and bismuth-211 (t1/2=2.14min) of equal mass, which one would... format_list_bulleted