ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781630180928
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OPENSTAX C
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Chapter 21, Problem 42CTQ
Describe the processing and presentation of an intracellular antigen.
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1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine:
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
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2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0
Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…
The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?
Chapter 21 Solutions
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 21 - Visit this website...Ch. 21 - Visit this website...Ch. 21 - Visit this website...Ch. 21 - Immunity can be acquired in an active or passive...Ch. 21 - Which of the following cells is phagocytic? plasma...Ch. 21 - Which structure allows lymph from the lower right...Ch. 21 - Which of the following cells is important hi the...Ch. 21 - Which of the following cells would be most active...Ch. 21 - Which of the lymphoid nodules is most likely to...Ch. 21 - Which of the following signs is not characteristic...
Ch. 21 - Which of the following is not important in the...Ch. 21 - Enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of...Ch. 21 - Which of the following leads to the redness of...Ch. 21 - T cells that secrete cytokines that help antibody...Ch. 21 - The taking in of antigen and digesting it for...Ch. 21 - Why is clonal expansion so important? to select...Ch. 21 - The elimination of self-reactive thymocytes is...Ch. 21 - Which type of T cell is most effective against...Ch. 21 - Removing functionality from a B cell without...Ch. 21 - Which class of antibody crosses the placenta in...Ch. 21 - Which class of antibody has no known function...Ch. 21 - When does class switching occur? primary response...Ch. 21 - Which class of antibody is found in mucus? IgM IgA...Ch. 21 - Which enzymes in macrophages are important for...Ch. 21 - What type of chronic lung disease is caused by a...Ch. 21 - Which type of immune response is most directly...Ch. 21 - What is the reason that you have to be immunized...Ch. 21 - Which type of immune response works in conceit...Ch. 21 - Which type of hypersensitivity involves soluble...Ch. 21 - What causes the delay in delayed hypersensitivity?...Ch. 21 - Which of the following is a critical feature of...Ch. 21 - Which of the following is an autoimmune disease of...Ch. 21 - What drug is used to counteract the effects of...Ch. 21 - Which of the following terms means many genes?...Ch. 21 - Why do we have natural antibodies? We dont know...Ch. 21 - Which type of cancer is associated with HIV...Ch. 21 - How does cyclosporine A work? suppresses...Ch. 21 - What disease is associated with bone marrow...Ch. 21 - Describe the flow of lymph from its origins in...Ch. 21 - Describe the process of inflammation in an area...Ch. 21 - Describe two early induced responses and what...Ch. 21 - Describe the processing and presentation of an...Ch. 21 - Describe clonal selection and expansion.Ch. 21 - Describe how secondary B cell responses are...Ch. 21 - Describe the role of IgM in immunity.Ch. 21 - Describe how seroconversion works in HIV disease.Ch. 21 - Describe tuberculosis and the innocent bystander...Ch. 21 - Describe anaphylactic shock in someone sensitive...Ch. 21 - Describe rheumatic fever and how Tolerance is...Ch. 21 - Describe how stress affects immune responses.
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