HUMAN BIOLOGY + VIRTUAL PAC
HUMAN BIOLOGY + VIRTUAL PAC
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781264359028
Author: Mader
Publisher: MCG/CREATE
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Chapter 2.1, Problem 3LO
Summary Introduction

To define:

An isotope and its application in both medicine and biology.

Introduction:

The isotopes of an atom of the same element have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. The atomic number is the same but the mass number is different. The example includes C-12, C-13 and C-14. All these atoms have six protons but the numbers of the neutrons are different. The C-12 atom has six neutrons, C-13 has seven neutrons and C-14 has eight neutrons. The atom of C-14 is unstable and releases radiation in the form of rays and radiations. It leads to the formation of the radioisotopes. These substances have applications in medicine and biology. For example: bio-medical imaging.

Pictorial representation:

The natural isotopes of carbon are well represented in Fig.1.

HUMAN BIOLOGY + VIRTUAL PAC, Chapter 2.1, Problem 3LO

Fig.1: Isotopes of Carbon

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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?   The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.   An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.   A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.   Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.   The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?   The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.   An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.   A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.   Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.   The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin

Chapter 2 Solutions

HUMAN BIOLOGY + VIRTUAL PAC

Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 2.2 - List the characteristics of water and explain how...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 2.3 - List the four classes of organic molecules that...Ch. 2.3 - Describe the processes by which the organic...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 2.3 - List the four classes of organic molecules.Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 2.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 2.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 2.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 2.4 - Prob. 4LOCh. 2.4 - Prob. 1BTHCh. 2.4 - Prob. 2BTHCh. 2.4 - Explain the differences between a monosaccharide,...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 2.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 2.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 2.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 2.5 - Why might physicians resort to calling HDLs and...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 1.2BTHCh. 2.5 - Prob. 2.1BTHCh. 2.5 - Prob. 2.2BTHCh. 2.5 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 2.5 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 2.5 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 2.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 2.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 2.6 - List the four levels of protein structure and...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 2.6 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 2.6 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 2.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 2.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 2.7 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 2.7 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 2.7 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 2 - Prob. 1ACh. 2 - Prob. 2ACh. 2 - Prob. 3ACh. 2 - Prob. 4ACh. 2 - Prob. 5ACh. 2 - Prob. 6ACh. 2 - Prob. 7ACh. 2 - Prob. 8ACh. 2 - Prob. 9ACh. 2 - Prob. 10ACh. 2 - Prob. 11ACh. 2 - Prob. 12ACh. 2 - Prob. 13ACh. 2 - Prob. 14ACh. 2 - Prob. 15ACh. 2 - Prob. 16ACh. 2 - Prob. 17ACh. 2 - Prob. 18ACh. 2 - Prob. 19ACh. 2 - This nucleic acid is typically involved in energy...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 2 - Prob. 2TCCh. 2 - Name another substance that is needed in the body...Ch. 2 - Prob. 4TCCh. 2 - Prob. 5TC
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