To define: The terms orbital and electron shell.
Concept introduction: The basic unit of matter that has the properties of a chemical element is called atom. Atom is made up of subatomic particles (neutrons, protons, and electrons). The substance that is made from one type of atom is known as an element. Every element has a unique chemical symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass.
To relate: The electron shell to the principal energy levels.
Concept introduction: The basic unit of matter that has the properties of a chemical element is called atom. Atom is made up of subatomic particles (neutrons, protons, and electrons). The substance that is made from one type of atom is known as an element. Every element has a unique chemical symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass.
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- Look up the valence electron configuration, covalent atomic radius, effective nuclear charge, first ionization energy and Pauling electronegativity in Chapter 8 (tables are attached). Examine the above data and answer the following questions. a) Explain why some of the elements like TI and Pb on the lower left of the p block are metallic. b) Explain why some of the elements like C, Si in the center of the p block form covalent bonds. Explain why these bonds formed by the network of these elements (as studied in Chapter 25) tend to be unreactive. c) Explain why the noble Group 8A elements are highly unreactive gases. d) Explain why some elements like F, CI, Br etc, on the upper right of the p block are highly reactive nonmetals.arrow_forwardDraw Electron distribution diagram.arrow_forwardUsing collision theory, indicate which of the following statements regarding physical nature of the reactants is true: a) physical nature of reactants The physical nature of reactants does not influence the rate of reaction because reactions happen only on the molecular level. Solids, liquids or gases all influence the rate of reaction the same because they are all in the physical state. Solid state reactants react faster if the particle sizes are larger because reactions occur at the boundary surface with direct contact. Gaseous-state reactions are faster than liquid-state or solid-state reactions because collisions between reactants are more frequent.arrow_forward
- Do a web search to identify each of the following elements>isotopes and indicate the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons in an atom of the element>isotope:arrow_forwardThe atomic emission spectrum for a particular element includes blue-violet light with wavelength 440. nm. Calculate the energy in joules of this light given that E = h c/A, and h = 6.63 x 10-34Js, and c = 3.00 x 10°m/s. (h andc are constants, A is wavelength, convert nm into m) h c E =arrow_forwardDefine the term "spontaneous" with respect to chemical reactions.arrow_forward
- . Give the name of and symbol for an element with this number of valence electrons.a) 2b) 6c) 8arrow_forwardmatch and explainarrow_forwardChlorine is an element with the symbol Cl. Draw and label atomic structure of chlorine indicating the number and locations of protons, neutrons and electrons in one atom of chlorine.arrow_forward
- Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting structure, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. Then draw any missing organic intermediates or products for this epoxidation reaction. Include all lone pairs in the structures. Ignore inorganic byproducts, counterions, and solvents. 0. ~ H :OH: H Q H --0 Q mCPBA dilute HCI Select to Draw Intermediate 0:0 NaOH :OH: H Select to Add Arrows H I I I I I I I I I Iarrow_forwardAnother fossil-fuel gas used in cooking appliances is "propane", used commonly in backyard grills and RV/camping stoves. Propane is a bigger hydrocarbon: 3 carbons single-bonded in a chain, and the remaining bonds are taken by hydrogen. Its formula is C3H8 and its structure is shown below. KEY POINT: the products are the same as the combustion of methane, but more is produced. The graphic below shows that one propane molecule reacts with 5 oxygen molecules to form molecules of carbon dioxide. C3Hg + 502 → 3CO,+ 4H,0 00O 000 SUOLDICIATEFIEETILNED I RLIANMr CASIRICTIOonL Harrow_forwardComplete the table below, using the diagram of an atom shown at right. name symbol 0 proton e Properties of subatomic particles charge (in multiples of e) 0 0 0 approximate mass (amu) (choose one) ✓ (choose one) ✓ 1.0 location on diagram (choose one) ✓ (choose one) ✓ A X A Sarrow_forward
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