Human Biology Custom Edition
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337631532
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 3CT
Summary Introduction
To explain: Whether cloning and genetic engineering are the same.
Introduction: Cloning is a technique where the nucleus from the somatic cell is placed in an unfertilized egg. This unfertilized egg is implanted in a surrogate. The resulting offspring is the exact genetic copy of the host organism that gave the somatic cell nucleus. Genetic engineering is where biotechniques are used to modify or manipulate genes in an organism to make it free of diseases or increase its quality and quantity.
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Dolly is the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell Which of the following statement/s is/are most relevant to the birth of Dolly?
I. It suggests that human could be cloned.
II. It proves that specialized cells could be used to create an exact copy of the animal they came from.
III. It improves the production of milk, meat, and other products from livestock.
IV. It proves that animals could be cloned to have gene mutations that help scientists study diseases that develop in the animals.
A. II only
B. I and II
C. III, and IV
D. II, III, and IV
Which of the following statements best explain the significance of mitosis and ?
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B. Many single-celled organisms rely on mitosis and meiosis as their primary means of asexual reproduction
C. replication, cells have another interesting choice, whether they want to make an identical copy, or do they want to make four half-copies…
5) Below is an image that shows both reproductive and therapeutic cloning. Use this image to answer compare and contrast therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Are they used for similar means…etc. Once you have done that answer the question below.
a) There are two types of therapeutic cloning. What are they and how are they different?
In the 1996 movie Multiplicity, Doug (Michael Keaton) is a construction worker who wants to spend more time with his family. He meets a friendly scientist (aren't we all?) who has a method for cloning humans. Doug decides to make a clone of himself who can do his work while he spends time with his family. The clone, named "Two", seems great at first, but later develops some functional problems. Two gets tired of working and clones himself to make "Three" to take over. Three then leads to "Four". Each successive clone seems to have an increasing number of issues in function. Ignoring ethical and technical considerations with making adult clones of a human, is there any logical or genetic validity to the premise that make a clone might create problems? If so, what might some of those problems be?
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- https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/biotech-dna-technology/dna-cloning-tutorial/a/overview-dna-cloning That is the link for the example ^arrow_forwardDo all of them True/False 31) The process by which an electrical charge is used to introduce DNA into a cell to produce a transgenic organism is called electroporation.Answer: 32) Reproductive cloning is used to produce large amounts of mammalian proteins from transgenic agricultural animals such as cattle.Answer: 33) In gene addition, homologous recombination is used to remove the original gene and replace it with the cloned gene.Answer: 34) All stem cells have the potential to differentiateAnswer: 35) A bone marrow transplant involves the transfer of multipotent stem cellsAnswer: 36) The fact that in mammalian systems multiple genes may compensate for the loss of a gene is called gene redundancy.Answer:arrow_forwardWhat Are Clones? Cloning is a general term used for whole organisms and DNA sequences. Define what we mean when we say we have a clone.arrow_forward
- In Figure 5-38, precisely which gene is eventually identified from the genome sequence?arrow_forwardAlthough several different mammalian species have been cloned, the efficiency of this process is extremely low. Often tens or even hundreds of oocytes must be implanted with donor nuclei to obtain one healthy live birth. Many researchers believe the difficulties with cloning reside in the epigenetic modifications, such as DNA and histone methylation, that occur within various cells during an individual’s life. How do you suspect such modifications might affect the success of an experimentarrow_forwardWoolly mammoths have been extinct for about 10,000 years, but we often find their well- preserved remains in Siberian permafrost. Research groups are now planning to use SCNT to resurrect these huge elephant- like mammals. No mammoth eggs have been recovered so far, so elephant eggs would be used instead. An elephant would also be the surrogate mother for the resulting embryo. The researchers may try a modified SCNT technique used to clone a mouse that had been dead and frozen for sixteen years. Ice crystals that form during freezing break up cell membranes, so cells from the frozen mouse were in bad shape. Their DNA was transferred into donor mouse eggs, and cells from the resulting embryos were fused with mouse stem cells. Four healthy clones were born from the hybrid embryos. What are some of the pros and cons of cloning an extinct animal?arrow_forward
- The following diagram outlines how the process of cloning a sheep was accomplished. Cloning is the process of creating a genetically identical copy of another individual. With Dolly, the first cloned mammal, an egg cell was removed from a donor (B) and the nucleus was removed from the egg cell. Then cells from a sheep's mammary gland were removed from a second donor (A). The nucleus of one of the cells from the mammary gland was fused with the enucleated egg cell using an electrical pulse. The fused cell underwent cell division and at the blastocyst stage was implanted into a surrogate mother sheep. The fused cell is cultured and is implanted as a multi-celled embryo. During the step where the fused cell begins dividing normally, the cells of the future clone undergo Select one: a. fertilization b. meiosis c. mitosis d. gene splicingarrow_forwardA gene from the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis has been inserted into the genome of select corn plants. These plants, known as Bt-corn, are capable of producing a toxin that is harmless to humans and other mammals but toxic for the European corn borer, a common pest of corn. What type of genetic technology does the production of Bt-corn represent? cloning O DNA fingerprinting gene therapy O genetic engineering https://student.masteryconnect.com/%23 V4:2 96arrow_forwardDescribe three possible uses of site-directed mutagenesis.arrow_forward
- In contrast with the genomic manipulations of animals and plants described in this chapter, human genetherapy is directed specifically at altering the genomes of somatic cells rather than germ-line cells.Why couldn’t or wouldn’t medical scientists try to alter the genome of human germ-line cells?arrow_forwardLet’s say, you want to deliver a gene into a cell and in your lab, there are lot of options available to do that. Describe five different options that you can use to deliver that gene.arrow_forwardResearch has now demonstrated that techniques that have been developed for cloning animals could be used to clone human embryos, although no living human clones have been produced. There is widespread consensus that cloning a live human would be unethical. However, some people have suggested creating cloned embryos from which stem or pluripotent cells, which have the ability to develop into any tissue or organ, could be extracted. The stem and pluripotent cells might then be used to create genetically identical tissues and organs that could then be transplanted back into the donor to treat failed organs and diseases. What might be some reasons for or against this type of therapeutic cloning?arrow_forward
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