a.
Construct a frequency bar graph for each city.
a.

Answer to Problem 35E
Output obtained from MINITAB software for New York is:
Output obtained from MINITAB software for Los Angeles is:
Explanation of Solution
Calculation:
The given information is a table representing the number of households categorized by the language spoken at home, for the cities of New York and Los Angeles in a recent year.
Software procedure:
- Step by step procedure to draw the bar chart for each city using MINITAB software.
- Choose Graph > Bar Chart.
- From Bars represent, choose unique values from table.
- Choose Simple.
- Click OK.
- In Graph variables, enter the column of New York and Los Angeles.
- In Categorical variables, enter the column of Language.
- Click OK
Observation:
From the bar graphs, it can be seen that the most frequently spoken language at home in New York and Los Angeles are English and Spanish respectively.
b.
Construct a frequency bar graph for the total.
b.

Answer to Problem 35E
Output obtained from MINITAB software for Total is:
Explanation of Solution
Calculation:
Software procedure:
- Step by step procedure to draw the bar chart for each city using MINITAB software.
- Choose Graph > Bar Chart.
- From Bars represent, choose unique values from table.
- Choose Simple.
- Click OK.
- In Graph variables, enter the column of Total.
- In Categorical variables, enter the column of Language.
- Click OK
Observation:
From the bar graphs, it can be seen that the most frequently spoken language at home in both New York and Los Angeles is English.
c.
Construct a relative frequency bar graph for each city.
c.

Answer to Problem 35E
Output obtained from MINITAB software for New York is:
Output obtained from MINITAB software for Los Angeles is:
Explanation of Solution
Calculation:
Relative frequency for New York:
The general formula for the relative frequency is,
Therefore,
Similarly, the relative frequencies for New York is obtained below:
Language | New York | Relative Frequency |
English | 4,098 | |
Spanish | 1,870 | |
Other Indo-European | 1,037 | |
Asian and Pacific Island | 618 |
Software procedure:
- Step by step procedure to draw the Bar chart for each city using MINITAB software.
- Choose Graph > Bar Chart.
- From Bars represent, choose unique values from table.
- Choose Simple.
- Click OK.
- In Graph variables, enter the column of Relative Frequency of New York
- In Categorical variables, enter the column of Language.
- Click OK
Observation:
From the graph, it can be seen that most probable spoken language at home in New York is English.
Relative frequency for Los Angeles:
Similarly, the relative frequencies for Los Angeles is obtained below:
Language | Los Angeles | Relative Frequency |
English | 1,339 | |
Spanish | 1,555 | |
Other Indo-European | 237 | |
Asian and Pacific Island | 301 |
Software procedure:
- Step by step procedure to draw the Bar chart for Los Angeles using MINITAB software.
- Choose Graph > Bar Chart.
- From Bars represent, choose unique values from table.
- Choose Simple.
- Click OK.
- In Graph variables, enter the column of Relative Frequency of Los Angeles.
- In Categorical variables, enter the column of Language.
- Click OK
Observation:
From the graph, it can be seen that most probable spoken language at home in Los Angeles is Spanish.
d.
Construct a relative frequency bar graph for the total.
d.

Answer to Problem 35E
Output obtained from MINITAB software for Total is:
Explanation of Solution
Calculation:
Relative frequency for total:
The general formula for the relative frequency is,
Therefore,
Similarly, the relative frequencies for the total are obtained below:
Language | Total | Relative Frequency |
English | 5,437 | |
Spanish | 3,425 | |
Other Indo-European | 1,274 | |
Asian and Pacific Island | 919 |
Software procedure:
- Step by step procedure to draw the Bar chart for total using MINITAB software.
- Choose Graph > Bar Chart.
- From Bars represent, choose unique values from table.
- Choose Simple.
- Click OK.
- In Graph variables, enter the column of Relative frequency of total.
- In Categorical variables, enter the column of Language.
- Click OK
Observation:
From the graph, it can be seen that most probable spoken language at home in both New York and Los Angeles is English.
e.
Explain the reason behind the heights of the bars for the frequency bar graph for the total are equal to the sums of the heights for the individual cities.
e.

Explanation of Solution
The total frequency represents the numbers of households in both cities combined. Therefore, the total frequency is the sum of the frequencies for New York and Los Angeles.
f.
Explain the reason behind the heights of the bars for the relative frequency bar graph for the total are not equal to the sums of the heights for the individual cities.
f.

Explanation of Solution
The relative frequency is the frequency divided by total frequency. The frequencies and total frequencies are different for each cities. Therefore, the relative frequency bar graph for the total are not equal to the sums of the heights for the individual cities.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 2 Solutions
ALEKS 360 ESSENT. STAT ACCESS CARD
- a) Let X and Y be independent random variables both with the same mean µ=0. Define a new random variable W = aX +bY, where a and b are constants. (i) Obtain an expression for E(W).arrow_forwardThe table below shows the estimated effects for a logistic regression model with squamous cell esophageal cancer (Y = 1, yes; Y = 0, no) as the response. Smoking status (S) equals 1 for at least one pack per day and 0 otherwise, alcohol consumption (A) equals the average number of alcohoic drinks consumed per day, and race (R) equals 1 for blacks and 0 for whites. Variable Effect (β) P-value Intercept -7.00 <0.01 Alcohol use 0.10 0.03 Smoking 1.20 <0.01 Race 0.30 0.02 Race × smoking 0.20 0.04 Write-out the prediction equation (i.e., the logistic regression model) when R = 0 and again when R = 1. Find the fitted Y S conditional odds ratio in each case. Next, write-out the logistic regression model when S = 0 and again when S = 1. Find the fitted Y R conditional odds ratio in each case.arrow_forwardThe chi-squared goodness-of-fit test can be used to test if data comes from a specific continuous distribution by binning the data to make it categorical. Using the OpenIntro Statistics county_complete dataset, test the hypothesis that the persons_per_household 2019 values come from a normal distribution with mean and standard deviation equal to that variable's mean and standard deviation. Use signficance level a = 0.01. In your solution you should 1. Formulate the hypotheses 2. Fill in this table Range (-⁰⁰, 2.34] (2.34, 2.81] (2.81, 3.27] (3.27,00) Observed 802 Expected 854.2 The first row has been filled in. That should give you a hint for how to calculate the expected frequencies. Remember that the expected frequencies are calculated under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true. FYI, the bounderies for each range were obtained using JASP's drag-and-drop cut function with 8 levels. Then some of the groups were merged. 3. Check any conditions required by the chi-squared…arrow_forward
- Suppose that you want to estimate the mean monthly gross income of all households in your local community. You decide to estimate this population parameter by calling 150 randomly selected residents and asking each individual to report the household’s monthly income. Assume that you use the local phone directory as the frame in selecting the households to be included in your sample. What are some possible sources of error that might arise in your effort to estimate the population mean?arrow_forwardFor the distribution shown, match the letter to the measure of central tendency. A B C C Drag each of the letters into the appropriate measure of central tendency. Mean C Median A Mode Barrow_forwardA physician who has a group of 38 female patients aged 18 to 24 on a special diet wishes to estimate the effect of the diet on total serum cholesterol. For this group, their average serum cholesterol is 188.4 (measured in mg/100mL). Suppose that the total serum cholesterol measurements are normally distributed with standard deviation of 40.7. (a) Find a 95% confidence interval of the mean serum cholesterol of patients on the special diet.arrow_forward
- The accompanying data represent the weights (in grams) of a simple random sample of 10 M&M plain candies. Determine the shape of the distribution of weights of M&Ms by drawing a frequency histogram. Find the mean and median. Which measure of central tendency better describes the weight of a plain M&M? Click the icon to view the candy weight data. Draw a frequency histogram. Choose the correct graph below. ○ A. ○ C. Frequency Weight of Plain M and Ms 0.78 0.84 Frequency OONAG 0.78 B. 0.9 0.96 Weight (grams) Weight of Plain M and Ms 0.84 0.9 0.96 Weight (grams) ○ D. Candy Weights 0.85 0.79 0.85 0.89 0.94 0.86 0.91 0.86 0.87 0.87 - Frequency ☑ Frequency 67200 0.78 → Weight of Plain M and Ms 0.9 0.96 0.84 Weight (grams) Weight of Plain M and Ms 0.78 0.84 Weight (grams) 0.9 0.96 →arrow_forwardThe acidity or alkalinity of a solution is measured using pH. A pH less than 7 is acidic; a pH greater than 7 is alkaline. The accompanying data represent the pH in samples of bottled water and tap water. Complete parts (a) and (b). Click the icon to view the data table. (a) Determine the mean, median, and mode pH for each type of water. Comment on the differences between the two water types. Select the correct choice below and fill in any answer boxes in your choice. A. For tap water, the mean pH is (Round to three decimal places as needed.) B. The mean does not exist. Data table Тар 7.64 7.45 7.45 7.10 7.46 7.50 7.68 7.69 7.56 7.46 7.52 7.46 5.15 5.09 5.31 5.20 4.78 5.23 Bottled 5.52 5.31 5.13 5.31 5.21 5.24 - ☑arrow_forwardく Chapter 5-Section 1 Homework X MindTap - Cengage Learning x + C webassign.net/web/Student/Assignment-Responses/submit?pos=3&dep=36701632&tags=autosave #question3874894_3 M Gmail 品 YouTube Maps 5. [-/20 Points] DETAILS MY NOTES BBUNDERSTAT12 5.1.020. ☆ B Verify it's you Finish update: All Bookmarks PRACTICE ANOTHER A computer repair shop has two work centers. The first center examines the computer to see what is wrong, and the second center repairs the computer. Let x₁ and x2 be random variables representing the lengths of time in minutes to examine a computer (✗₁) and to repair a computer (x2). Assume x and x, are independent random variables. Long-term history has shown the following times. 01 Examine computer, x₁₁ = 29.6 minutes; σ₁ = 8.1 minutes Repair computer, X2: μ₂ = 92.5 minutes; σ2 = 14.5 minutes (a) Let W = x₁ + x2 be a random variable representing the total time to examine and repair the computer. Compute the mean, variance, and standard deviation of W. (Round your answers…arrow_forward
- The acidity or alkalinity of a solution is measured using pH. A pH less than 7 is acidic; a pH greater than 7 is alkaline. The accompanying data represent the pH in samples of bottled water and tap water. Complete parts (a) and (b). Click the icon to view the data table. (a) Determine the mean, median, and mode pH for each type of water. Comment on the differences between the two water types. Select the correct choice below and fill in any answer boxes in your choice. A. For tap water, the mean pH is (Round to three decimal places as needed.) B. The mean does not exist. Data table Тар Bottled 7.64 7.45 7.46 7.50 7.68 7.45 7.10 7.56 7.46 7.52 5.15 5.09 5.31 5.20 4.78 5.52 5.31 5.13 5.31 5.21 7.69 7.46 5.23 5.24 Print Done - ☑arrow_forwardThe median for the given set of six ordered data values is 29.5. 9 12 23 41 49 What is the missing value? The missing value is ☐.arrow_forwardFind the population mean or sample mean as indicated. Sample: 22, 18, 9, 6, 15 □ Select the correct choice below and fill in the answer box to complete your choice. O A. x= B. μεarrow_forward
- Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw HillHolt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGALBig Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...AlgebraISBN:9781680331141Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURTPublisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt


