Chapter 21, Problem 21P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The polymers formed from the given strained alkenes are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Electrophiles are electron deficient species which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles which accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron rich species which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles which donate electron pair.

Free radical is an atom, molecule or ion that has an unpaired electron which makes it highly chemically reactive.

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

Suzuki Miyaura coupling is a palladium-catalyzed reaction in which alkenyl or aryl borate couples with an alkenyl or aryl halide. In this reaction, the stereochemistry of the reactants is retained in the products

Heck Mizoroki reaction is a coupling reaction between an alkene and an alkenyl or aryl halide in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a base, usually an amine, at an elevated temperature. The active palladium catalyst involved in the reaction has only two ligands, so it is coordinatively unsaturated.

Sonogashira coupling is the reaction in which an alkyne is reacted with alkenyl or aryl halide in presence of a mixture of catalytic palladium and copper (I).

In these reactions, carbon-carbon bond formation takes place using palladium as a catalyst.