(a) Interpretation: Mechanism for production of the given lactone is to be proposed. Concept introduction: The given reaction is synthesis of lactones or cyclic ester by treating hydroxyacid with 2-pyridinethiol, followed by heating. This mechanism goes via formation of 2-pyridinethiol ester as a key intermediate. 2-pyridinethiol act as a nucleophile here while hydroxyacid act as an electrophile.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.81P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Mechanism for production of the given lactone is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The given reaction is synthesis of lactones or cyclic ester by treating hydroxyacid with 2-pyridinethiol, followed by heating. This mechanism goes via formation of 2-pyridinethiol ester as a key intermediate. 2-pyridinethiol act as a nucleophile here while hydroxyacid act as an electrophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The role of N atom or 2-pyridinethiol in the above mechanism and its effectiveness is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

If benzenethiol is used instead of 2-pyridinethiol, then the reaction is less effective due to the absence of N atom. This can be explained on the basis of stability of tetrahedral intermediate and on how good the leaving group is.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.81P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Mechanism for production of the given lactone is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The given reaction is synthesis of lactones or cyclic ester by treating hydroxyacid with 2-pyridinethiol, followed by heating. This mechanism goes via formation of 2-pyridinethiol ester as a key intermediate. 2-pyridinethiol act as a nucleophile here while hydroxyacid act as an electrophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The role of N atom or 2-pyridinethiol in the above mechanism and its effectiveness is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

If benzenethiol is used instead of 2-pyridinethiol, then the reaction is less effective due to the absence of N atom. This can be explained on the basis of stability of tetrahedral intermediate and on how good the leaving group is.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.81P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Mechanism for production of the given lactone is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The given reaction is synthesis of lactones or cyclic ester by treating hydroxyacid with 2-pyridinethiol, followed by heating. This mechanism goes via formation of 2-pyridinethiol ester as a key intermediate. 2-pyridinethiol act as a nucleophile here while hydroxyacid act as an electrophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The role of N atom or 2-pyridinethiol in the above mechanism and its effectiveness is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

If benzenethiol is used instead of 2-pyridinethiol, then the reaction is less effective due to the absence of N atom. This can be explained on the basis of stability of tetrahedral intermediate and on how good the leaving group is.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.81P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Mechanism for production of the given lactone is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The given reaction is synthesis of lactones or cyclic ester by treating hydroxyacid with 2-pyridinethiol, followed by heating. This mechanism goes via formation of 2-pyridinethiol ester as a key intermediate. 2-pyridinethiol act as a nucleophile here while hydroxyacid act as an electrophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The role of N atom or 2-pyridinethiol in the above mechanism and its effectiveness is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

If benzenethiol is used instead of 2-pyridinethiol, then the reaction is less effective due to the absence of N atom. This can be explained on the basis of stability of tetrahedral intermediate and on how good the leaving group is.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.81P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Mechanism for production of the given lactone is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The given reaction is synthesis of lactones or cyclic ester by treating hydroxyacid with 2-pyridinethiol, followed by heating. This mechanism goes via formation of 2-pyridinethiol ester as a key intermediate. 2-pyridinethiol act as a nucleophile here while hydroxyacid act as an electrophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The role of N atom or 2-pyridinethiol in the above mechanism and its effectiveness is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

If benzenethiol is used instead of 2-pyridinethiol, then the reaction is less effective due to the absence of N atom. This can be explained on the basis of stability of tetrahedral intermediate and on how good the leaving group is.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.81P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Mechanism for production of the given lactone is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The given reaction is synthesis of lactones or cyclic ester by treating hydroxyacid with 2-pyridinethiol, followed by heating. This mechanism goes via formation of 2-pyridinethiol ester as a key intermediate. 2-pyridinethiol act as a nucleophile here while hydroxyacid act as an electrophile.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.81P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Mechanism for production of the given lactone is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The given reaction is synthesis of lactones or cyclic ester by treating hydroxyacid with 2-pyridinethiol, followed by heating. This mechanism goes via formation of 2-pyridinethiol ester as a key intermediate. 2-pyridinethiol act as a nucleophile here while hydroxyacid act as an electrophile.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The role of N atom or 2-pyridinethiol in the above mechanism and its effectiveness is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

If benzenethiol is used instead of 2-pyridinethiol, then the reaction is less effective due to the absence of N atom. This can be explained on the basis of stability of tetrahedral intermediate and on how good the leaving group is.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The role of N atom or 2-pyridinethiol in the above mechanism and its effectiveness is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

If benzenethiol is used instead of 2-pyridinethiol, then the reaction is less effective due to the absence of N atom. This can be explained on the basis of stability of tetrahedral intermediate and on how good the leaving group is.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.1P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.2P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.5P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.6P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.7P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.8P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.9P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.10P

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Chapter 21 Solutions