(a) Interpretation: From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined. Concept introduction: If the carbonyl group is attached to the electron withdrawing group like CF 3 results in the increasing concentration of positive charge on carbonyl carbon. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is higher. If the carbonyl group is attached to the electron donating group like CH 3 results in the decreasing concentration of positive charge on carbonyl carbon. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is lower.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.5P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If the carbonyl group is attached to the electron withdrawing group like CF3 results in the increasing concentration of positive charge on carbonyl carbon. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is higher.

If the carbonyl group is attached to the electron donating group like CH3 results in the decreasing concentration of positive charge on carbonyl carbon. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is lower.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If the carbonyl group is stabilized by the resonance then it is less reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is slower.

If the carbonyl group is less stabilized by the resonance then it is more reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is faster.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

As the number of RO- group increases stability of carbonyl carbon increases and reactivity of carbonyl group towards hydrolysis decreases.

If the carbonyl group is stabilized by the resonance then it is less reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is slower.

If the carbonyl group is less stabilized by the resonance then it is more reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is faster.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.5P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If the carbonyl group is attached to the electron withdrawing group like CF3 results in the increasing concentration of positive charge on carbonyl carbon. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is higher.

If the carbonyl group is attached to the electron donating group like CH3 results in the decreasing concentration of positive charge on carbonyl carbon. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is lower.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If the carbonyl group is stabilized by the resonance then it is less reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is slower.

If the carbonyl group is less stabilized by the resonance then it is more reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is faster.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

As the number of RO- group increases stability of carbonyl carbon increases and reactivity of carbonyl group towards hydrolysis decreases.

If the carbonyl group is stabilized by the resonance then it is less reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is slower.

If the carbonyl group is less stabilized by the resonance then it is more reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is faster.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.5P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If the carbonyl group is attached to the electron withdrawing group like CF3 results in the increasing concentration of positive charge on carbonyl carbon. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is higher.

If the carbonyl group is attached to the electron donating group like CH3 results in the decreasing concentration of positive charge on carbonyl carbon. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is lower.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If the carbonyl group is stabilized by the resonance then it is less reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is slower.

If the carbonyl group is less stabilized by the resonance then it is more reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is faster.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

As the number of RO- group increases stability of carbonyl carbon increases and reactivity of carbonyl group towards hydrolysis decreases.

If the carbonyl group is stabilized by the resonance then it is less reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is slower.

If the carbonyl group is less stabilized by the resonance then it is more reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is faster.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.5P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If the carbonyl group is attached to the electron withdrawing group like CF3 results in the increasing concentration of positive charge on carbonyl carbon. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is higher.

If the carbonyl group is attached to the electron donating group like CH3 results in the decreasing concentration of positive charge on carbonyl carbon. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is lower.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If the carbonyl group is stabilized by the resonance then it is less reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is slower.

If the carbonyl group is less stabilized by the resonance then it is more reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is faster.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

As the number of RO- group increases stability of carbonyl carbon increases and reactivity of carbonyl group towards hydrolysis decreases.

If the carbonyl group is stabilized by the resonance then it is less reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is slower.

If the carbonyl group is less stabilized by the resonance then it is more reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is faster.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.5P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If the carbonyl group is attached to the electron withdrawing group like CF3 results in the increasing concentration of positive charge on carbonyl carbon. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is higher.

If the carbonyl group is attached to the electron donating group like CH3 results in the decreasing concentration of positive charge on carbonyl carbon. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is lower.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If the carbonyl group is stabilized by the resonance then it is less reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is slower.

If the carbonyl group is less stabilized by the resonance then it is more reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is faster.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

As the number of RO- group increases stability of carbonyl carbon increases and reactivity of carbonyl group towards hydrolysis decreases.

If the carbonyl group is stabilized by the resonance then it is less reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is slower.

If the carbonyl group is less stabilized by the resonance then it is more reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is faster.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.5P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If the carbonyl group is attached to the electron withdrawing group like CF3 results in the increasing concentration of positive charge on carbonyl carbon. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is higher.

If the carbonyl group is attached to the electron donating group like CH3 results in the decreasing concentration of positive charge on carbonyl carbon. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is lower.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.5P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If the carbonyl group is attached to the electron withdrawing group like CF3 results in the increasing concentration of positive charge on carbonyl carbon. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is higher.

If the carbonyl group is attached to the electron donating group like CH3 results in the decreasing concentration of positive charge on carbonyl carbon. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is lower.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If the carbonyl group is stabilized by the resonance then it is less reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is slower.

If the carbonyl group is less stabilized by the resonance then it is more reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is faster.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If the carbonyl group is stabilized by the resonance then it is less reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is slower.

If the carbonyl group is less stabilized by the resonance then it is more reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is faster.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

As the number of RO- group increases stability of carbonyl carbon increases and reactivity of carbonyl group towards hydrolysis decreases.

If the carbonyl group is stabilized by the resonance then it is less reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is slower.

If the carbonyl group is less stabilized by the resonance then it is more reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is faster.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

As the number of RO- group increases stability of carbonyl carbon increases and reactivity of carbonyl group towards hydrolysis decreases.

If the carbonyl group is stabilized by the resonance then it is less reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is slower.

If the carbonyl group is less stabilized by the resonance then it is more reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is faster.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.1P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.2P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.5P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.6P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.7P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.8P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.9P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.10P

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Chapter 21 Solutions