Chapter 21, Problem 21.51P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The material coating the iron has to be identified using the given conditions.

Concept Introduction:

An electrochemical cell is a device in which a redox reaction is used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Such device is also known as the galvanic or voltaic cell.

Anode: The electrode where the oxidation occurs is called as an anode. It is a negatively charged electrode.

Cathode: The electrode where reduction occurs is called as a cathode. It is a positively charged electrode.

Redox reaction: Redox reaction is a type of chemical reaction, where both the oxidation and reduction occur at the same time. In a redox reaction, one of the reactant is oxidized and the other is reduced simultaneously.

Generally, the anode compartment with oxidation components are written on the left side of the salt bridge and the cathode compartment with reduction components are notified on the right of the salt bridge. The cathode and anode are separated by using the double vertical line which actually represents the salt bridge. The species of different phases are notified by using a single vertical line in the cell notation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reducing and the oxidizing agents has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

An electrochemical cell is a device in which a redox reaction is used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Such device is also known as the galvanic or voltaic cell.

Anode: The electrode where the oxidation occurs is called as an anode. It is a negatively charged electrode.

Cathode: The electrode where reduction occurs is called as a cathode. It is a positively charged electrode.

Redox reaction: Redox reaction is a type of chemical reaction, where both the oxidation and reduction occur at the same time. In a redox reaction, one of the reactant is oxidized and the other is reduced simultaneously.

Generally, the anode compartment with oxidation components are written on the left side of the salt bridge and the cathode compartment with reduction components are notified on the right of the salt bridge. The cathode and anode are separated by using the double vertical line which actually represents the salt bridge. The species of different phases are notified by using a single vertical line in the cell notation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction has to be identified that whether it can be made into voltaic cell or not.

Concept Introduction:

An electrochemical cell is a device in which a redox reaction is used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Such device is also known as the galvanic or voltaic cell.

Anode: The electrode where the oxidation occurs is called as an anode. It is a negatively charged electrode.

Cathode: The electrode where reduction occurs is called as a cathode. It is a positively charged electrode.

Redox reaction: Redox reaction is a type of chemical reaction, where both the oxidation and reduction occur at the same time. In a redox reaction, one of the reactant is oxidized and the other is reduced simultaneously.

Generally, the anode compartment with oxidation components are written on the left side of the salt bridge and the cathode compartment with reduction components are notified on the right of the salt bridge. The cathode and anode are separated by using the double vertical line which actually represents the salt bridge. The species of different phases are notified by using a single vertical line in the cell notation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced equation for the reaction has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

An electrochemical cell is a device in which a redox reaction is used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Such device is also known as the galvanic or voltaic cell.

Anode: The electrode where the oxidation occurs is called as an anode. It is a negatively charged electrode.

Cathode: The electrode where reduction occurs is called as a cathode. It is a positively charged electrode.

Redox reaction: Redox reaction is a type of chemical reaction, where both the oxidation and reduction occur at the same time. In a redox reaction, one of the reactant is oxidized and the other is reduced simultaneously.

Generally, the anode compartment with oxidation components are written on the left side of the salt bridge and the cathode compartment with reduction components are notified on the right of the salt bridge. The cathode and anode are separated by using the double vertical line which actually represents the salt bridge. The species of different phases are notified by using a single vertical line in the cell notation.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ${\text{E}}^{\text{o}}{}_{\text{cell}}$ has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

An electrochemical cell is a device in which a redox reaction is used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Such device is also known as the galvanic or voltaic cell.

Anode: The electrode where the oxidation occurs is called as an anode. It is a negatively charged electrode.

Cathode: The electrode where reduction occurs is called as a cathode. It is a positively charged electrode.

Redox reaction: Redox reaction is a type of chemical reaction, where both the oxidation and reduction occur at the same time. In a redox reaction, one of the reactant is oxidized and the other is reduced simultaneously.

The Standard Gibb’s free energy change and the standard cell potential are related as followed:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Δ}°\text{G}\text{=}\text{-nFE}{°}_{\text{cell}}\\ where,\\ \boxed{\begin{array}{l}\text{n - Number of electrons involved per equivalent of the net redox reaction in the cell}\\ \text{F - Faraday’s Constant }\left(\text{96500 C}\right)\\ {\text{E°}}_{\text{cell}}\text{- Standard cell potential}\text{.}\end{array}}\end{array}$