Chapter 21, Problem 21.46QP

The overall reaction for the electrolytic production of aluminum by means of the Hall process may be represented as

${\text{Al}}_2{\text{O}}_3(s)+3\text{C}(s)\stackrel{}{\to }2\text{A1}(l)+3\text{CO}(g)$

At 1000°C, the standard free-energy change for this process is 594 kJ/mol. (a) Calculate the minimum voltage required to produce 1 mole of aluminum at this temperature. (b) If the actual voltage applied is exactly three times the ideal value, calculate the energy required to produce 1.00 kg of the metal.