Why benzene fails to react under the given reaction conditions has to be explained. Concept Introduction: Radical reaction: It is reacting to electron octet of valence shell. A radical can break a bond in another molecular and abstract a partner with an electron, giving substitution in the original molecule. A radical can added to an alkene to given a new radical causing an addition reaction. Radical chain reaction: Initiation reaction: Chain propagation: Chain termination: Bond dissociation energy is a measure of bond strength in a chemical bond . It is a change in enthalpy of a hemolysis reaction at absolute zero where a molecule is broken down into two free radicals.

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Answer 1

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Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.44P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Why benzene fails to react under the given reaction conditions has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Radical reaction: It is reacting to electron octet of valence shell.

A radical can break a bond in another molecular and abstract a partner with an electron, giving substitution in the original molecule.

A radical can added to an alkene to given a new radical causing an addition reaction.

Radical chain reaction:

Initiation reaction:

Chain propagation:

Chain termination:

Bond dissociation energy is a measure of bond strength in a chemical bond.

It is a change in enthalpy of a hemolysis reaction at absolute zero where a molecule is broken down into two free radicals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Why the bond dissociation enthalpy of a C-H bond in benzene is significantly greater than that in alkanes, has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization: It is the mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals suitable for the paring of electrons to from chemical bonds in valance bond theory.

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81. a. Propose a mechanism for the following reaction: OH CH2=CHCHC=N b. What is the product of the following reaction? HO H₂O N=CCH2CH2CH OH HO CH3CCH=CH2 H₂O C=N 82. Unlike a phosphonium ylide that reacts with an aldehyde or a ketone to form an alkene a sulfonium ulia

For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new CC bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. ? NH2 MgBr Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? ○ Yes ○ No MgBr ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? O Yes O No Click and drag to start drawing a structure. :☐ G x c olo Ar HE

Predicting As the lead product manager at OrganometALEKS Industries, you are trying to decide if the following reaction will make a molecule with a new C - C bond as its major product: H₂N O H 1. ? 2. H3O+ If this reaction will work, draw the major organic product or products you would expect in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. 0 If the major products of this reaction won't have a new CC bond, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. فا Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure.

Answer 2

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Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.44P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Why benzene fails to react under the given reaction conditions has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Radical reaction: It is reacting to electron octet of valence shell.

A radical can break a bond in another molecular and abstract a partner with an electron, giving substitution in the original molecule.

A radical can added to an alkene to given a new radical causing an addition reaction.

Radical chain reaction:

Initiation reaction:

Chain propagation:

Chain termination:

Bond dissociation energy is a measure of bond strength in a chemical bond.

It is a change in enthalpy of a hemolysis reaction at absolute zero where a molecule is broken down into two free radicals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Why the bond dissociation enthalpy of a C-H bond in benzene is significantly greater than that in alkanes, has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization: It is the mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals suitable for the paring of electrons to from chemical bonds in valance bond theory.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.44P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Why benzene fails to react under the given reaction conditions has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Radical reaction: It is reacting to electron octet of valence shell.

A radical can break a bond in another molecular and abstract a partner with an electron, giving substitution in the original molecule.

A radical can added to an alkene to given a new radical causing an addition reaction.

Radical chain reaction:

Initiation reaction:

Chain propagation:

Chain termination:

Bond dissociation energy is a measure of bond strength in a chemical bond.

It is a change in enthalpy of a hemolysis reaction at absolute zero where a molecule is broken down into two free radicals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Why the bond dissociation enthalpy of a C-H bond in benzene is significantly greater than that in alkanes, has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization: It is the mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals suitable for the paring of electrons to from chemical bonds in valance bond theory.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.44P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Why benzene fails to react under the given reaction conditions has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Radical reaction: It is reacting to electron octet of valence shell.

A radical can break a bond in another molecular and abstract a partner with an electron, giving substitution in the original molecule.

A radical can added to an alkene to given a new radical causing an addition reaction.

Radical chain reaction:

Initiation reaction:

Chain propagation:

Chain termination:

Bond dissociation energy is a measure of bond strength in a chemical bond.

It is a change in enthalpy of a hemolysis reaction at absolute zero where a molecule is broken down into two free radicals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Why the bond dissociation enthalpy of a C-H bond in benzene is significantly greater than that in alkanes, has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization: It is the mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals suitable for the paring of electrons to from chemical bonds in valance bond theory.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.44P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Why benzene fails to react under the given reaction conditions has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Radical reaction: It is reacting to electron octet of valence shell.

A radical can break a bond in another molecular and abstract a partner with an electron, giving substitution in the original molecule.

A radical can added to an alkene to given a new radical causing an addition reaction.

Radical chain reaction:

Initiation reaction:

Chain propagation:

Chain termination:

Bond dissociation energy is a measure of bond strength in a chemical bond.

It is a change in enthalpy of a hemolysis reaction at absolute zero where a molecule is broken down into two free radicals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Why the bond dissociation enthalpy of a C-H bond in benzene is significantly greater than that in alkanes, has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization: It is the mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals suitable for the paring of electrons to from chemical bonds in valance bond theory.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.44P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Why benzene fails to react under the given reaction conditions has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Radical reaction: It is reacting to electron octet of valence shell.

A radical can break a bond in another molecular and abstract a partner with an electron, giving substitution in the original molecule.

A radical can added to an alkene to given a new radical causing an addition reaction.

Radical chain reaction:

Initiation reaction:

Chain propagation:

Chain termination:

Bond dissociation energy is a measure of bond strength in a chemical bond.

It is a change in enthalpy of a hemolysis reaction at absolute zero where a molecule is broken down into two free radicals.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.44P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Why benzene fails to react under the given reaction conditions has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Radical reaction: It is reacting to electron octet of valence shell.

A radical can break a bond in another molecular and abstract a partner with an electron, giving substitution in the original molecule.

A radical can added to an alkene to given a new radical causing an addition reaction.

Radical chain reaction:

Initiation reaction:

Chain propagation:

Chain termination:

Bond dissociation energy is a measure of bond strength in a chemical bond.

It is a change in enthalpy of a hemolysis reaction at absolute zero where a molecule is broken down into two free radicals.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Why the bond dissociation enthalpy of a C-H bond in benzene is significantly greater than that in alkanes, has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization: It is the mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals suitable for the paring of electrons to from chemical bonds in valance bond theory.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Why the bond dissociation enthalpy of a C-H bond in benzene is significantly greater than that in alkanes, has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization: It is the mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals suitable for the paring of electrons to from chemical bonds in valance bond theory.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 21.2 - Construct a Frost circle for a planar...Ch. 21.2 - Which compound gives a signal in the 1H-NMR...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 21.5P Ch. 21.4 - Arrange these compounds in order of increasing...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. AQ Ch. 21.4 - Prob. BQ Ch. 21.4 - Prob. CQ Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 21.7P

Solution Summary: The author explains how the bond dissociation enthalpy of a C-H bond in benzene is significantly greater than that in alkanes.

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